26. When was the Democratic Party founded? Who was the first President elected from the Democratic Party?

The Democratic Party was founded in 1828 (after the Presidential election in 1828). John Quinsy Adams (1767-1848) was the first President of the Democratic Party. The party was officially named as Democratic in 1844.

The Democratic Party is the oldest political party in the United States and among the oldest political parties in the world. It traces its roots to 1792, when followers of Thomas Jefferson adopted the name Republican to emphasize their antimonarchical views. The Federalists called Jefferson's faction the Democratic-Republican Party.

During the 1820s new states entered the union, voting laws were relaxed, and several states passed legislation that provided for the direct election of presidential electors by voters (electors had previously been appointed by state legislatures). These changes split the Democratic-Republicans into factions, each of which nominated its own candidate in the presidential election of 1824. The party's congressional caucus nominated William H. Crawford of Georgia, but Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams, the leaders of the party's two largest factions, also sought the presidency; Henry Clay, the speaker of the House of Representatives, was nominated by the Kentucky and Tennessee legislatures.

Despite Adams's victory, differences between the Adams and the Jackson factions persisted. Adams's supporters, representing Eastern interests, called themselves the National Republicans. Jackson, whose strength lay in the South and West, referred to his followers simply as Democrats (or as Jacksonian Democrats). Jackson defeated Adams in the 1828 presidential election.

From 1828 to 1856 the Democrats won all but two presidential elections (1840 and 1848). The Democratic Party officially named itself in 1844. (Britannica)

27. When did Abraham Lincoln become President? What event is connected with his name?

Abraham Lincoln

(February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S. ~ April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C.)

16th president of the United States (1861–65), who preserved the Union during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and brought about the emancipation of the slaves. (Britannica)

28. Who chairs the Senate?

(Тут все сложно! Насколько мне известно там нет определенного Chairman. Я тут просто напишу, что я знаю и что я нашла в нете).

The Vice President of the USA is the president of US Senate. (Currently Joe Biden,(D) since January 20, 2009). The United States Constitution states that the Vice President of the United States is the President of the Senate and the highest-ranking official of the Senate despite not being a member of the body.

The President pro tempore (currently Daniel Inouye, (D) since June 28, 2010) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate. During the Vice President's absence, the president pro tempore presides over its sessions or appoints another senator to do so. The president pro tempore is elected by the Senate and is customarily the longest serving senator in the majority party. The president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Also the leaders of the majority and minority parties serve as the chief Senate spokespeople of their party and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. By rule, the Presiding Officer gives the Majority Leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate. (Wikipedia)