1. Переведите следующие слова и выражения.

Goals and objectives; organization; giving assignments; top manager; the various levels; immediate subordinates; broad and open-ended; policy; middle manager; firs-line manager; responsible; to meet company objectives; counseler; assistant; coach; team member; boss; motivation; participation in decision making; flexibility; an employee; progressive managers; the corporate ladder; detailed instructions; in co-operation with the employees; however; results; heading; firm; performance.

2. Заполните пропуски.

1. Directing involves giving assignments, ..., clarifying policies, and providing feedback on performance.

2. The process of directing is quite different, however, at the ... of the organization.

3. The ... are concerned with the ... overview of where the company is heading.

4. The directions of top managers to subordinates, therefore, are characteristically....

5. Firs-line managers in the past often allocated must of their time to giving ... to employees.

6. Progressive managers ... are less likely to be giving ... to employees.

7. Rather, they are more likely to work closely with employees to help the employees understand the ... of the firm.

8. This shift in managerial direction gives employees more participation in ... and more flexibility in how to get job done.

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is directing?

2. What does directing include?

3. State the difference between top managers and first-line supervisors.

4. How can a manager provide more employee motivation?

5. State the important characteristics of progressive managers in the 1990s.

4. Вставьте артикль и вспомогательный глагол, где необходимо.

1. After the plans ... made and the organization is designed, managers must direct ... workers in activities to meet the goals and objectives of the organization.

2. The process of directing ... quite different, however, at the various levels of the organization.

3. The top managers ... concerned with the broad overview of where ... company is heading.

4. The manager's role will be less that of ... "boss" and more that of... coach, assistant, counselor, and team member.

5. Then, in co-operation with the employees ... managers will work together to accomplish those objectives and goals.

5. Тест. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. After the plans are made and the organization is designed ... must direct the workers in activities to meet the goals and objectives of the organization.

1. managers

2. subordinate

3. customer

2. All managers, from top managers to ..., direct employees.

1. middle manager

2. first-line supervisors

3. vice president

3. The process of directing is quite…, however, at the various levels of the organization.

1. different

2. the same

3. important

4. First-line managers in the past often allocated must of their time to giving specific, detailed ... to employees.

1. background

2. instructions

3. report

5. Progressive managers in the ... are less likely to be giving specific instructions to employees.

1. 1990s

2. 1980s

3. 1970s

6. Then, in co-operation with the employees, the managers will work together to accomplish those ....

1. instructions

2. activities

3. objectives and goals

7. CONTROLLING

Often managers get so involved with the planning process and the day-to-day crisis management of the firm that they tend to shortchange the control function. The controlling function involves measuring performance relative to objectives and standards and taking corrective actions when necessary. The control function, therefore, is the heart of the management system because it provides the feedback that enables managers and workers to adjust to any deviations from plans and to changes that have occurred in the environment that have affected performance.

Let's say you are a runner and you say you want to "improve" your distance. When you started your improvement plan last year, you ran two miles a day. Now you run 2.1 miles a day. Did you meet your goal? Well, you did increase your distance, but certainly not by very much. A more appropriate goal statement would be: To increase running distance from two miles a day to four miles a day by January 1. It is also important to have a time period established when goals are to be met. The following are examples of goals and standards that meet these criteria:

• Cutting the number of finished product rejects from 10 per 1,000 to 5 per 1,000 by March 31.

• Increasing times managers praise employees from 3 times per week to 12 per week.

• Increasing the sales of product X from 10,000 in the month of July to 12,000 in the same period.

One key to making control systems work is the establishment of clear procedures for monitoring performance. Naturally, management should not be burdened with such control procedures unless the goals are important enough to justify such reporting. Most managers have seen, for example, elaborate accident reports that took hours of man­agement time and that reported: "All is well." To minimize paperwork, such reports could be limited to exceptions.

At the University of Maryland, to cite one example, all faculties are required to report daily on whether or not they performed their reg­ular duties. This report is designed to measure sick leave. The paper­work could be cut by 98 percent or better if faculty merely reported sick days rather than every day. Many companies have too much reporting of trivial details and too little reporting of significant performance results.

Vocabulary

to tend	стремиться
to measure	измерять
relative	относительный, родственный, смежный
to adjust	приспособлять
deviation	отклонение
to occur	случаться
to affect	действовать
step	шаг
measurement	измерение
proper	свойственный
monitor	наставник, советчик
record	запись
to compare	сравнивать
link	звено
attainable	достижимый
efficiency	эффективность, способность
sufficient	достаточный
improvement	усовершенствование
to increase	увеличивать
statement	заявление
to praise	хвалить
reject	уцененный товар, брак
burden	ноша, бремя
to justify	подтверждать
to elaborate	тщательно разрабатывать
exception	исключение
trivial	банальный
significant	существенный
feedback	обратная связь