1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Is planning always performed by top-level mangement?

2. Does strategic planning focus on setting short-term or long-term objectives?

3. What is planning?

4. What requirements must objectives meet to be effective?

2. Переведите с русского на английский.

Географическое пространство, низкий уровень, удобный случай, достигать, использовать ресурс, в ожидании изменений, лучший путь, решение, стремление, цель, подробно рассказывать.

3. Вставьте артикль или предлог где необходимо.

1. Strategic planning determines ... major goals … organization and ... policies and strategies ... obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.

2. Planning is the first managerial function used ... pursue organizational goals.

3. Tactical planning is ... process ... developing detailed, short-term decisions about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done. … strategic planning stage, ... company decides which customers to serve, what products or services to sell, and ... geographic areas ... which ... firm will compete.

4. Tactical planning is normally done ... managers ... lower levels organization, whereas strategic planning is done … top managers … firm.

5. Contingency planning is ... preparation ... alternative courses ... action that may be used if ... primary plans do not achieve ... objectives organization. ... economic and competitive environments change so rapidly that it is wise to have alternative plans ... action ready ... anticipation... such changes.

4. Тест. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. The planning function is closely linked with the ------------ function.

1. organizing

2. controlling

3. motivating

4. leading

5. staffing

1. All but one of the following are elements of the planning process. Which one isn't an element?

1. resources;

2. plans;

3. actions;

4. objectives;

5. implementation.

1. The first step in the planning process is:

1. forecasting sales;

2. prioritizing objectives;

3. setting objectives;

4. identifying resources;

5. determining a course of action.

1. Planning implies that managers should be:

1. leaders;

2. capable organizers;

3. reactive;

4. proactive;

5. all of the above.

5. Переведите предложения.

1. The more clearly you articulate what you are trying to accomplish, the more likely you will achieve your objective.

2. The variations would depend on the level of business expected for the period in question.

3. In fact, it indicates that the problem is unlikely to be completely solved in the short-term.

4. These innovative objectives are neither routine nor designed to solve performance deficiencies.

5. Understanding the definition is only the beginning.

6. Given the number of people, machines, and other physical resources you have available, how much are you squeezing through your area?

7. Assuming some historical data (or ability to start acquiring it) you should be able to project into future.

8. New product managers are expected to make the group work as a team.

5. ORGANIZING

How often have you heard the comment, "One of these days we'll have to get organized?" Clearly, organization is an important managerial task. Basically, organizing means allocating resources, assigning tasks, and establishing procedures for accomplishing the organizational objectives. The basic concepts are rather easy to understand because you already have some organizing experience. For example, if you have ever played baseball, you know you have to gather together some materials: gloves, ball, bat. Then you have to find people to play the various positions.(In business, this is called staffing.) Then each person is assigned some task: first, base, pitcher, outfield, and so on. Someone must decide who bats first, who second and so on.

When organizing, a manager develops a structure or framework that relates all workers, tasks, and resources to each other.

Top management is the highest level of management and consists of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans. You are likely to see two terms: chief executive officer (CEO) and chief operating officer (COO). The CEO is often the president of the firm and is responsible for all the top-level decisions in the firm. CEOs are responsible for introducing changes into an organization. The COO, chief operating officer, is responsible for putting those changes into effect. His or her tasks include structuring, controlling, and rewarding to ensure that people carry out the leaders vision.

Middle management includes branch and plant managers, deans and department heads who are responsible for tactical plans.

Supervisory (first-line) management includes people directly responsible for assigning specific jobs to workers and evaluating their daily performance; they are the often known as first-line managers because they are the first level above workers.

An important part of organizing is staffing, getting the right people in the organizational team. You are probably most familiar with the term personnel to describe that function. Today it is called human resources management, because it is as important to develop the potential of employees as it is to recruit good people in the first place.

In many firms, there are several levels of middle management. Recently, however, firms have been eliminating middle-level managers in a cost-cutting attempt.

Vocabulary

comment	комментировать задание
task	задача
to allocate	распределять
to assign	назначать
to develop	развивать
top manager	главный менеджер
level	уровень
chief executive officer (CEO)	главный исполнительный директор
chief operating officer (COO)	главный операционный офиса
first-line manager	менеджер первого звена
employee	рабочий
middle-level manager	менеджер среднего звена