2.8.5. Контрольное задание № 5

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание 5, необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Грамматические функции глаголов should, would.

2. Обороты с инфинитивом и причастием, равнозначные придаточным предложениям.

3. Различные значения слов: as, because, because of, due to, for since, both, .and, either...or, neither... nor.

Economics and the Economy

Every group of people must solve three basic problems of daily living: what goods and services to produce, how to produce these goods and services, and for whom to produce these goods and services.

Economics is the study of how society decides what, how, and whom to produce for.

By goods we mean physical commodities such as steel, cars, and strawberries. By services we mean activities such as massages or live theatre performances which can be consumed or enjoyed only at the instant they are produced. In exceptional circumstances, society may find that some of the questions about what, how, and for whom to produce have already been answered; until the arrival of Man Friday, Robinson Crusoe need not worry about the "for whom" question. In general, however, society must answer all three questions.

By emphasizing the role of society or definition places economics within the social study and explain human behaviour. The subject matters of economics is that part of human behaviour which relates to the production, exchange, and use of goods and services. The central economic problem for society is how to reconcile the conflict between people's virtually limitless desires for goods and services, and the scarcity of resources (labour, machinery, and raw materials) with which these goods and services can be produced. In answering the questions what, how, and for whom to produce, economics explains how scarce resources are allocated between competing claims on their use.

Because economics is about human behaviour, you may be surprised that we describe it as a science rather than a subject within the arts or humanities. This reflects the way economics analyses problems, not the subject matter of economics. Economists aim to develop theories of human behaviour and to test them against the facts. Economists discuss the tools economists use and explain the sense in which this approach is scientific. This does not mean that economics ignores people as individuals. Moreover, good economics retains an element of art, for it is only by having a feel for how people actually behave that economists can focus their analysis on the right issues. Before examining the tools of the trade, it is helpful to have a clear understanding of the problems in which economists are interested.

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.

1. You should have thought of it before.

2. The economist should know both the advantages and the disadvantages of nationalization.

3. It would be very convenient for me if we could put off our appointment till next Thursday.

2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. The method used depends on the economist.

2. Trying to understand what economics is about by studying definitions is like trying to learn to swim by reading an instruction manual.

3. Economics is known to be the study of how society decides what, how and for whom to produce.

3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.

1. As far as my future speciality I'll be an economist.

2. Moscow was never planned; it grew up around its centre as well as London.

3. Because of the mistake made by our agent the company will deliver goods later.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1 и 2-й абзацы. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3, 4, 5-й абзацы.

5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Великобритания, Лондон» на английском языке.