Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, обратите внимание на перевод терминов и профессиональной лексики

Задание 2. Проведите анализ лексических и грамматических трудностей перевода

Задание 3. Проанализируйте случаи перестановок и их причины

Задание 4. Выполните полный письменный перевод текста

Thermal cracking process is intended for handling heavy charge stock with a view to obtain motor gasoline, tractor kerosene and boiler fuel oil. Straight-run residuum as well as re-run bottoms can be applied as charge stock.

Motor gasoline is the aim product of the thermal cracking process. Dry fuel gas and reflux are obtained as by-products. The cracking residuum finds its application as boiler fuel stock. Various yields can be achieved depending on the charge type and process conditions.

Thermal cracking units are designed for handling sulfurous and non-sulfurous residuums. Their design ensures prolonged continuous operation. The gas plant, including absorption, de-ethanizing and gasoline stabiliza-tion, is a section of the complete cracking unit. Such a combination process, effected by a single unit, considerably reduces the installation costs by saving intermediate tankage and piping length. It also permits to achieve high economy in operation by virtue of heat regeneration and by cutting down the operating manpower required. High efficiency, electrical-ly driven centrifugal pumps are applied in these units.

Charge stock is drawn from the feed tanks and pumped through hot-residuum heat exchangers and fired heater convection coils into a frac-tionating column. A side-stream of the charge extracted after the heat exchangers is directed into a low-pressure flash chamber where it is mixed with the fractionating column bottoms to be fed into the heavy oil heater by a charge pump. Another charge pump draws gas from the fractionating column middle and feeds it into a light oil heater. From the latter the products of the cracking process flow into a reaction chamber for delayed cracking, after which they are transferred into a second column, being a high-pressure flash chamber. Light fractions are here separated from the cracking residuum and leave the high-pressure evaporator at the top to enter the fractionating column. Light distillates and reflux delivered to the fractionating column top pass then consecutively a sectional condenser and tubular after-coolers to reach a gas separator. The cracking residuum flowing from the high-pressure flash chamber bottoms runs without the help of a pump into a the low-pressure flash chamber, where it loses its remainder of light fractions. A hot-residuum pump delivers then the cracking residuum though heat exchangers and cooler coils into a tank.

A pump recirculates some of the gasoline from the gas separator as a reflux stream into the fractionating column. The remaining gasoline is directed into the absorber and de-ethanizer or into the stabilizer column. The kerosene and naphtha cuts leaving the low-pressure flash chamber top pass a submerged tubular condenser. After this, part of the condensate returns as a reflux into the low-pressure flash chamber. The remainder is delivered into the fractionating column.

Non-stabilized gasoline accumulating in the gas separator is pumped into the absorber and de-ethananizer, whereafter the de-ethanized gasoline enters the stabilizer. Having there undergone a stabilization process, the gasoline flows through shell-and-tube coolers into the caustic wash section, after which it is transferred to the finished gasoline tanks.

CATALYTIC CRACKING

Тематический словарь

moving bead catalyst - подвижной гранулированный катализатор

powder-type catalyst - порошковый катализатор

gas oil -газойль (смесь углеводородов, сырье для каталитического

риформинга)

isobutane - изобутан

alkylation - алкилирование (химическая реакция при получении вы-

сокооктанового топлива

diesel fuel blending stock - компонент дизельного топлива

hydrofining - гидроочистка

turboblower -воздуходувка, турбогазодувка

butylene - бутилен

superheated stream - перегретый пар

feed hopper - загрузочный бункер

restore, regenerate - восстанавливать

combustion gases - дымовые газы

rich gas - жирный газ

gas fractionating plant - газоразделительный блок

storage tank area - товарный парк

gas lift - пневмоподъемник