Write a short bibliography for your subject, listing at least five books and articles. Ensure that all the details are correct. Appendix a: Useful Language File

Subject Matter

• The present paper aims at …

• The following study is concerned with…

• The aim of the paper is to provide an up-to-date account of/for…

- This study attempts to quantify ….

- Within the framework of….., various attributes are identified, weighted and quantified for..

- The present paper deals with the reason why …..

- The primary objective of the study is/was

- The present study was conducted to ascertain the response/influence of……

- Different types of ….. have been (were) examined and a relationship between …… was established

• This paper describes the basic features of a…..system, considers some important aspects in detail, outlines the advantages and limitations of the system and indicates how it can be used.

• It may be suggested that…

• It must be admitted that…

• It might be natural to assume that…

• It may be assumed to be a working hypothesis…

• One may put forward a working hypothesis to explain….

Academic Validity

• The problem raised by… assumed a place of prime importance….

• It assumed world-wide importance….

• The significance of this work can hardly be overestimated…..

• It has been a favourite subject for dispute among scholars…

• It is important to realize…

• The problem of … is one of the most important…

• The problem of … has not lost its topical significance…

• The problem has become more acute: it took a new form….

• It is the major theme of macroeconomics…

• A comprehensive study of … is the key to solving the problem…..

• At present there is a growing interest in …

• The current interest in the problem lies in …

Methodology

- These factors require to be analyzed in two different ways

- According to the ……theory the …..process can be calculated by different methods…..

- In order to check the accuracy of the results obtained from ….. they were compared with . ..

• The method of investigation is …..

• The method is based on the idea that ….

• An analogical approach will help to distinguish a few common features…

• The most promising approach is a complete/comparative/detailed/typological analysis of…

• The analysis can be expanded to …..

Literature survey

- The review of literature reveals very little work done on this aspect……..

- In earlier studies/calculations/experiments of ….., the basic assumption was made that….

• Much has been said and written about….

• Much has been done in the field of…. but undoubtedly much still remains to be done in it…

• Although a number of issues have been analysed and discussed much remains to be done in the field of….

• The early discussions on … did not touch the question of …

• The question still remains open…

• This question has been widely discussed in the literature…

• In recent years a considerable amount of work has been done in …

• In his book Dr….gave a full account of/described/came up with a hypothesis/proposed a model/developed the general theory/put forward a theory…

Results

- To carry out a comparative assessment of….., it is necessary to state some basic parameters

- It may be further assumed that …….

- The data indicate clearly that………

- Based on the data for ….., it is found that…..

- A comparison of /between….. and….. reveals that…..

• Two lines of development can be traced…..

• It has been traced back to…..

• It is possible to trace the influence of … on…

• This explains much of what followed…..

• It explains the way of the development……

Conclusion

- On the basis of the comparison the conclusion is drawn …….

- From the study it can be inferred that……

- The results show that…….

- The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that …….

- The data presented support the concept that………

- The future of ….. is, therefore assured, assuming that………

- The analysis made provides the basis for…

- Thus the results obtained support the conclusion that

- The results of the research/analysis/study/comparison/experiments agree with……

- On the basis of the above study and considering …., it can be stated that ……..

• The present study provides evidence of ……