- •General Notes on Style and Stylistics
- •Stylistics and Other Linguistic Sciences
- •Meaning from a Stylistic Point of View
- •Stylistic Devices
- •Lexical Stylistic Devices
- •EMs and sDs based on the interaction of primary and contextual meanings
- •Em and sd based on the interplay of primary (dictionary) and derivative meanings (zeugma, pun, violation of phraseological units)
- •Sd based on the interaction between the logical and the nominal meanings of the word
- •Em and sd based on the interaction between the logical and emotive meanings
- •EMs and sDs which give additional characteristics to the objects described
- •Syntactical Stylistic Devices
- •SDs used within a sentence. SDs based on the juxtaposition (соположение) of different parts of the utterance
- •SDs based on the peculiarities of oral speech
- •SDs based on the stylistic use of interrogative and negative constructions (rhetorical questions, litotes)
- •SDs used within an utterance sDs based on parallelism
- •SDs Based on Repetition
- •Functional Style of the English Language
- •The Belles-Lettres Functional Style (the Style of Fiction)
- •The Scientific Prose Style
- •Popular Science prose
- •Newspaper Style
- •Paper 1
- •Paper 2
- •4. Answer the questions in writing
- •Translate the sentences and analyze the cases of metonymy
- •Paper 3
- •4. Give examples of irony and sarcasm.
- •5. Answer the questions in writing
- •Paper 4
- •5. Answer the questions in writing
- •6. Translate the sentences in writing. Indicate the types of cases of play on words, how it is created, what effect it adds to the utterance
- •Paper 5
- •Give your examples of antonomasia.
- •Analyze the following cases of antonomasia
- •Paper 6
- •Give your examples of different types of epithet
- •Define the type and function of epithet. Translate the sentences
- •Paper 7
- •Give your own examples of hyperbole, understatement and oxymoron.
- •7. In the following examples concentrate on cases of hyperbole and understatement. Translate the sentences.
- •Translate the following sentences, pay attention to oxymoron.
- •Paper 8
- •Learn the following phrases and use them in your own sentences:
- •4. Discuss the following cases of simile
- •Paper 9
- •3. Define the periphrases in the sentences and state their type:
- •Paper 10
- •7. Find examples of inversion and detachment in w. S. Maugham’s novel “Theatre”.
- •8. Analyze cases of inversion and detachment. Make the sentences sound neutral by restoring the word order
- •Paper 11
- •4. Find examples of represented speeh, rhetorical questions in w. S. Maugham’s novel “Theatre”.
- •5. Discuss different types of stylistic devices dealing with the completeness of the sentences
- •Analyze the structure and the functions of litotes
- •Paper 12
- •5. Find and analyze cases of suspense and climax. Indicate the type of climax
- •Paper 13
- •3. Discuss the semantic centre and structural peculiarities of antithesis
- •Paper 14
- •3. Find cases of different types of repetition, parallelism and chiasmus in w.S Maugham’s novel “Theatre”
- •4. Define repetition, parallelism and chiasmus
- •Paper 15
Paper 1
General notes on Style and Stylistics. The subject matter and the aims of the course of Stylistics.
Stylistics and other linguistic sciences.
Style in imaginative literature and style in language.
Expressive means and Stylistics Devices. Fresh and trite EM and SD.
Lexical meaning of the word and its components
emotive charge
stylistic reference
nominal meaning.
EM and SD based on the interaction of primary (dictionary) and contextual meanings (metaphor and metonymy)
What are peculiarities of metaphor?
b) What is metonymy? Give a detailed description of the device.
c) What do metaphor and metonymy differ in?
d) What types of relations between the contextual and the dictionary are metaphor and metonymy based on?
e) What is personification?
8. Answer the questions in writing.
“Will he ever come down those stairs again?” this thought lanced Constance’s heart.
1) Find word in the text that builds up (directly or indirectly) the feeling of grief. What other means that create that feeling?
Interpret the interplay of the literary and the metaphorical meanings in the word “lance”. State whether the metaphor is original or dead, simple or sustained.
Does the author reveal Constance’s emotional attitude towards the man? Prove your point.
Speak of the implication contained in the word “ever”. Does it speak of the man’s state of health?
What facts about Constance and the man do you come to know while reading the text? What might their relations be? Did she suffer? Why? Was he in danger? Was she hopeful?
9. Translate the sentences and analyze the given cases of metaphor
1. She looked down on Gopher Prairie. The snow stretching without break from street to devouring prairie beyond, wiped out the town’s pretence of being a shelter. The houses were black specks on a white sheet (S.L.).
2. And the skirts! What a sight were those skirts! They were nothing but vast decorated pyramids; on the summit of each was stuck the upper half of the princess (A.B.).
3. I was staring directly in front of me, at the back of the driver’s neck, which was a relief map of boil scars (S.).
4. She was handsome in a rather leonine way. While this girl was a lioness, the other was a panther – lithe and quick (Ch.).
5. His voice was a dagger of corroded brass (S.L.).
6. Wisdom has reference only to the past. The future remains for ever an infinite field for mistakes. You can’t know beforehand (D.H.L.).
7. He felt the first watery eggs of sweat moistening the palms of his hands (W.S.).
8. At the last moment before the windy collapse of the day, I myself took the road down (J.H.).
9. Leaving Daniel to his fate she was conscious of joy springing in her heart (A.B.).
10. He smelled the ever-beautiful smell of coffee imprisoned in the can (J.St.).
11. We talked and talked and talked, easily, sympathetically, wedding her experience with my articulation (Jn.B.).
12. We need you so much here. It’s dear old town, but it’s a rough diamond, and we need you for the polishing, and we’re ever so humble…(S.L.).
13. They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to communicate (W.G.).
14. Geneva, mother of the Red Cross, hostess of humanitarian cogress for the civilizing of warfare! (J.R.).
15. She and the kids have filled his sister's house and their welcome is wearing thinner and thinner (U.).
16. Notre Dame squats in the dusk (H.).
17. I am the new year. I am an unspoiled page in your book of time. I am your next chance at the art of living. I am your opportunity to practice what you have learned during the last twelve months about life. All that you sought the past year and failed to find is hidden in me; I am waiting for you to search it out again and with more determination. All the good that you tried to do for others and didn't achieve last year is mine to grant - providing you have fewer selfish and conflicting desires. In me lies the potential of all that you dreamed but didn't dare to do, all that you hoped but did not perform, all you prayed for but did not yet experience. Those dreams slumber lightly, waiting to be awakened by the touch of an enduring purpose. I am your opportunity (Т.Н.).
18. Autumn comes
And trees are shedding their leaves,
And Mother Nature blushes
Before disrobing (N.W.).
19. He had hopped that Sally would laugh at this, and she did, and in a sudden mutual gush they cashed into the silver of laughter all the sad secrets they could find in their pockets (U.).