XIII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемые в страдательном залоге:
1. The student is asked to describe the properties of grey cast iron.
2. Grey cast iron is easily machined.
3. The properties of a metal are influenced by heat treatment.
XIV. Проанализируйте и переведите на русский язык следующее предложение. Проверьте по англо-русскому словарю значение слова "as":
However, malleable iron castings are seldom used in the form they come from the moulds as they are hard and brittle and therefore they should be annealed.
XV. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Второй абзац переведите письменно.
1. Although there are very many metallic elements it is customary to divide metals and alloys into two major categories, ferrous and non-ferrous. Ferrous metals contain iron, an element that has a chemical symbol Fe and is the father of the ferrous family. It is to be noted that pure iron is soft, ductile and relatively weak. It is not normally used as an engineering material because of its low strength. That is why iron has to be combined with other elements such as carbon, silicon, phosphorous, etc. Carbon is the most important of all elements present in ferrous alloys. Some 94% of the total world consumption of metallic materials is in the form of steels and cast irons — the two most important forms of ferrous metals. Steels and cast irons are both alloys, or mixtures of iron and carbon which differ in the quantity of carbon content.
2. Cast iron is the cheapest of the ferrous metals. Cast iron is a general term to be applied to iron-carbon alloys containing more than 2.14% of carbon. Cast iron without the addition of alloying elements is weak in tension and shear, strong in compression and has low resistance to impact.
3
.
Grey cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon is
present in free or graphite state. Grey cast iron has its term
because of special colour of its fracture. It is soft, easily
machined and only moderately brittle. It is used for the parts not to
be subjected to great tensile stresses.
4. Many castings that were formerly made of grey cast iron are now made of malleable iron because malleable iron is much stronger than grey iron castings. However, malleable iron castings are seldom used in the form they come from the moulds, as they are hard and brittle, and therefore they should be annealed. Malleable iron before annealing is usually spoken of as white iron. White iron is difficult to machine because most of the carbon present is in chemical combination with iron. It is desirable to use it in those machines that require some resistance to abrasion.
XVI. Составьте аннотацию текста.
Text 4 Steels. Carbon Steels
Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.
I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:
structural material
to rust
carbon steel
alloy steel
machine steel
tool steel
cutting tool
working part
II. Выпишите из текста именные группы и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод слов в функции определения.
III. Проанализируйте состав слов "susceptibility" и "workability". Уточните значения слов по словарю.
IV. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, переведите выражение "to take for granted" и запомните его.
V. Выпишите из второго абзаца два слова, которые можно отнести к "ложным друзьям" переводчика. Выпишите в свои словари правильные значение этих слов.
VI. Найдите в тексте случай употребления слова "as", определите его функции и переведите его вместе с относящимися к нему словами.
VII. Переведите следующие сказуемые в страдательном залоге вместе с относящимися к ним подлежащими:
it is known that …; steel is taken for granted; machine steels can be used for …; steel has long been used for …
VIII. Найдите в тексте все предложения с оборотом "сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом". Переведите найденные обороты на русский язык.
IX. Переведите следующие предложения с оборотом "сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом":
1. These castings seem to require greater strength.
2. This alloy is unlikely to be very ductile.
3. Alloying elements are said to have a definite effect on the properties of steel.
4. Different metals are known to be machined at different speeds.
5. As a structural material steel has been proved to be susceptible to rust.
X. Проанализируйте первое предложение первого абзаца, обратите внимание на независимый причастный оборот, вводимый предлогом "with", который на русский язык не переводится. Независимый причастный оборот в данном случае следует переводить самостоятельным предложением.