- •Lesson One
- •Big Business
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Danny Comes Upon the Letter
- •The Letter
- •Danny Decides to Try His Luck
- •The Bargain Jacket
- •Mr. Black's Way of Doing Business
- •The Fatal Mistake
- •Grammar exercises The Infinitive (continued) Complex Subject
- •With the verbs "to seem", "to appear"*
- •With the verb "to happen"*
- •With the verb "to turn out"*
- •Ex. 29. Translate the following sentences using a complex subject with the verb "to turn out".
- •With the phrases "to be sure (certain)", to be (un)likely"*
- •With the verbs "to make, to tell, to order, to allow"*
- •With the verbs "to know, to believe, to suppose, to expect, to say, to report"*
- •Mixed bag
- •Speech exercises
- •1. Making a Fire is Art
- •2. A Visit to the Tailor's (Dress-Maker's)
- •3. What's Your Taste In Clothes?
- •4. Caught in the Rush Hour
- •Questions
- •Даже, если у тебя есть высшее образование
- •Questions
- •Ради рекламы
- •Immigrant workers in britain
- •1. My First Job
- •2. The Employment Situation In Capitalist Countries
- •3. At the Shoe Shop
- •Lesson Two
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. Con Boland Reconstructs the Car
- •6. After the Accident
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises The Participle Participle I
- •Participle II
- •(B) translate them into Russian; (c) explain them according to the model.
- •Mixed bag
- •Bugging showrooms
- •Speech exercises
- •1. On Driving
- •2. The Rule of the Road
- •3. Happy New Year to You!
- •Questions
- •Пудинг не для всех
- •Questions
- •The danger of lying in bed
- •1. Safety First
- •2. On Packing
- •4. An Unexpected Visitor
- •5. Take It Easy
- •Lesson Three
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. The Greggs' First Trip to Europe
- •7. Lautisse Has a Telephone Conversation With Gerston
- •8. The Papers Get Hold of the Story
- •9. Bargaining Over the Fence
- •10. Mr. Gregg Really Has Something to Sell
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises The Subjunctive Mood
- •I. The Subjunctive Mood In Simple Sentences
- •II. The Use of the Subjunctive Mood
- •In Complex Sentences With an Adverbial Clause of Condition
- •Ex. 46. Test translation.
- •Speech exercises
- •1. Planning a Weekend
- •2. Your Favourite Magazine
- •3. Redecorating the Flat
- •4. On Introductions
- •5. The Latest Exhibition at Exhibition Hall
- •Questions
- •Questions
- •Foinet's Advice
- •1. On Board a Ship
- •2. Making a Telephone Call
- •3. Making an Introduction
- •4. Making an Apology
- •Lesson Four
- •Conversation
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •5. Larry Suggests a Solution
- •6. Mother Puts up a Fight
- •7. Larry Has His Own Way
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises Subjunctive Mood (continued)
- •The use of the Subjunctive Mood
- •In "as if (as though)" clauses*
- •The use of the Subjunctive Mood
- •In an Object Clause after the verb "wish"
- •The use of the Subjunctive Mood
- •In a Subject Clause after "it is high time"
- •Speech exercises
- •Making an Invitation
- •2. Your Taste in Literature
- •Questions
- •Questions
- •1. On Books
- •2. A Dilemma
- •3. Never Put Off Till Tomorrow...
- •4. Where There is a Will There is a Way
- •Lesson Five
- •Crabbe's Practice
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. Crabbe Tells His Sad Story
- •2. Crabbe Thinks of a Plan But Keeps It to Himself
- •3. The Friends Prepare foi Zero Hour
- •4. The Boatman Does His Bit
- •5. Crabbe Steps in
- •6. Crabbe Decides to Try His Own Method
- •7. The Treatment is Effective
- •8. The Plan is a Success
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises Subjunctive Mood (continued) The use of the Subjunctive Mood
- •In Nominal Clauses*
- •1. In и subject clause
- •II. In an object clause
- •III. In a predicative clause
- •The Use of the Subjunctive Mood and Modal Verbs in on Adverbial Clause of Purpose
- •Speech exercises
- •Doctor sally
- •1. Hospitals
- •2. In Hospital
- •3. Visiting a Friend In Hospital
- •4. Laid up With the Flu*
- •Questions
- •Русский доктор — президент гавайи
- •Questions
- •1. Public Health Services In the Soviet Union
- •2. Soviet Medical Science
- •3. A Visit to the Doctor
- •4. A Dangerous Case
- •Lesson Six
- •A Canary For One
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises on lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. In the Train
- •2. From Palermo to Paris
- •5. Arrival In Paris
- •4. The American Lady
- •5. The Story of the American Lady's Daughter
- •6. The Story of the Author And His Wife
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises The Gerund
- •1. The Syntactic Function of the Gerund
- •A. An Adverbial Modifier of time
- •II. The Forms of the Gerund
- •Mixed bag
- •Speech exercises
- •1. The Railway
- •2. The Train
- •3. Travelling by Train
- •4. A Local (Suburban) Train
- •5. Booking Tickets
- •6. A Railway Station
- •Questions
- •Случай с трагиком
- •Questions
- •On time
- •1. A Trip
- •2. At a Railway Station
- •3. Travelling Companions
- •4. A Careless Driver
- •5. A Fault-finder
- •It's these new divorce laws—you get half each!
- •Lesson Seven
- •Ball of Paper
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. Inside the Hot Lab
- •2. Curtis Faces a Difficult Decision
- •3. Johnson's Chances of Promotion
- •4. Johnson Comes to Have it Out With Curtis
- •5. The Ball of Paper
- •6. Johnson Wrecks His Own Chances
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises Modal Verbs
- •I. Must* (in the meaning of supposition of high probability)
- •II. Can (could) in the meaning of supposition with implied surprise, disbelief, great doubt
- •Precis writing*
- •Speech exercises
- •Stolen fame
- •1. Atom For Peace
- •2. Protection Against Radiation
- •3. A Research Laboratory
- •4. On Observatories
- •5. On Hobbies
- •Victory over death
- •Questions
- •Свет над россией
- •Questions
- •108 Minutes
- •1. Making the Atom Serve the Needs of Man
- •2. Research Work
- •3. The Man Who Foresaw ...
- •4. What Makes a Good Specialist
- •5. A Business Appointment
- •6. A Business Interview
- •Lesson Eight
- •The Case For the Defence2
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. The Man In the Dock
- •2. Counsel For the Prosecution Presents His Case
- •3. Witnesses For the Prosecution Give Evidence
- •4. Events Take an Unexpected Turn
- •5. The Extraordinary Day Has an Extraordinary End
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises
- •III. May (might)1 (in the meaning of uncertain supposition, reproach)
- •Mixed bag
- •The million dollar bond robbery
- •Precis writing
- •Speech exercises
- •1. In the Witness Box
- •2. A Detective Story
- •Questions
- •Questions
- •О некоторых принципах советского правосудия
- •Thicker than water
- •1. A Case is Tried In Criminal Court
- •2. Defending One's Point of View
- •3. Never Count Your Chickens Before They Are Hatched
- •Lesson Nine
- •The Hotel
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Miscellaneous phrases
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. In the Hotel Lobby
- •2. The New Arrival
- •3. The Exchange at the Reception Counter
- •4. The Assistant Manager Takes Up the Matter
- •5. Dr. Nicholas Refuses to Take It Lying Down
- •6. Dr. Ingram Appears On the Scene
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises
- •Precis writing
- •Speech exercises
- •A Hotel
- •Checking in
- •3. A Congress
- •Questions
- •Questions
- •1. Желанный гость
- •2. На все вкусы
- •Lesson Ten
- •A Vote of No Confidence
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises on the text
- •Exercises on prepositions and adverbs
- •Exercises in lexicology
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •1. John Byrne, Labour mp, Arrives In Marshfield
- •2. The Committee Members Show Their Attitude
- •3. Byrne Senses Danger
- •4. The Heart of the Matter
- •5. Byrne Decides It is Time to Act
- •6. The Matter is Put to the Vote
- •7. Byrne Draws His Own Conclusions
- •Special difficulties
- •Grammar exercises
- •Verbals (Revision)
- •Precis writing
- •Speech exercises
- •1. A Meeting
- •2. The General Election
- •3. The Day of the Election (Polling Day)
- •I've joined the party wtoch fights for socialism
- •Questions
- •Questions
- •Депутаты служат народу
- •I. The Election Meeting
- •2. At a Students' Meeting
- •Index to the Vocabulary Sections (Numerals Refer to Lesson Numbers)
- •Reference Vocabulary
II. Can (could) in the meaning of supposition with implied surprise, disbelief, great doubt
Ex. 29. Study the meaning of the verb "can (could)" and the tense relations expressed by the forms of the infinitive.
-
1. It can't* (couldn't)** be true.
2. Can (could) it be true?
3. He can't (couldn't) have said
such a thing.
4. She can't (couldn't) have failed to get in touch with them.
5. Can (could) he have reserved rooms in the hotel?
6. Can (could) he have lailed to get her on the phone?
7. Who could have thought that he wouldn't come?
1. He может быть, чтобы это была правда.
2. Неужели это правда?
3. Не может быть, чтобы он сказал такую вещь. (Он не мог сказать такую вещь)
4. Не может быть, чтобы ей не удалось связаться с ними.
5. Неужели он забронировал ком наты в отеле?
6. Неужели он не дозвонился ей?
7. Разве кто-нибудь мог подумать,что он не придет?
Ex. 30. Translate the following sentences into Russian, mind the meaning of the verb "can (could)".
1. I can't open the door, it seems to have got stuck. 2. Something must have happened. He can't be late. 3. Can he use the car in your absence? 4. Can he have used the car in my absence? 5. Who could have thought that he could leave without letting us know? 6. When he was young he could cover great distances on foot without getting tired. 7. He offered his help in good time. Nothing could have been more useful to her at the moment. 8. He couldn't have received the news with indifference. 9. You can't judge of things you don't understand. 10. He can't have failed to notice you. 11. Can they have failed to let her know that they were not coming? 12. A person of common sense can't have acted like this. 13. He is over eighty but can still read without glasses. 14. It was more than I could put up with. 15. With the best will in the world I couldn't show him more respect.
Ex. 31. Express doubt, surprise or disbelief using the verb "can (could)"* according to the model, give reasons for your disbelief, surprise etc.
M o d e l I: It looks as if she were still sleeping.
Can she be still sleeping?
She can't be still sleeping. It's time she were at work.
1. He seems to be still writing his course-paper. 2. They say he is a fair man. The film is said to be very bad. 4. It seems she is silent on the matter for fear of making him angry. 5. He is said to be good company. 6. He appears to be still waiting for her. 7. They say she is completely cured. 8. Leave me alone. I am tired. 9. He is still hesitating about our offer. 10. They say he is still a student. 11. They say he is very experienced.
M o d e l II: They say he put his idea into practice.
Can he have put this idea into practice?
He can't have put his idea into practice. It's quite impracticable.
1. I hear they treated her unkindly. 2. Everybody thinks her remark was intended for you. 3. He is said to have given up music. 4. Believe it or not, she hesitated before accepting his proposal of marriage. 5. I hear people say he has made a good doctor. 6. He was appointed secretary of the committee, they say. 7. He is said to have been promoted again. 8. She seems to have missed the joke. 9. I hear he sharply criticized your suggestion. 10. They put him off with some excuse and they gave the job to a different man. 11. He has guessed about our intentions, I think.
Ex. 32. Translate the following sentences according to the model.
M o d e l I: He может быть, чтобы он не пришел в условленное время.
Не can't have failed to come at the appointed time.
1. He может быть, чтобы она не заметила, что он был расстроен. 2. Не может быть, чтобы он не проверил аппарат перед включением. 3. Не может быть, чтобы она не поняла, какую цель мы преследовали. 4. Не может быть, чтобы он не предусмотрел эту трудность. 5. Не может быть, чтобы они не убедили его. 6. Не может быть, чтобы она не изменила своего мнения после нашего разговора.
M o d e l II: Неужели телеграмма не дошла до них?
Can the telegram have failed to reach them?
1. Неужели он не смог доказать свою точку зрения? 2. Неужели она не поняла его шутку? 3. Неужели он не проверил багаж прежде чем отправить его на станцию? 4. Неужели она так и не увидела разницы между оригиналом и копией?
Ex. 33. Paraphrase the following sentences using "can (could)"; mind the form of the infinitive.
1. It is impossible that he should put pleasure before duty. 2. Is it possible that he should have broken the appointment? 3. I don't believe that he failed to reach his purpose. 4. It's hardly likely that he should have been denied what he had a right to. 5. It is unbelievable that she should have said nothing to account for her absence. 6. Is it possible that he should have guessed what they were after? 7. It's very doubtful that they should have come to the same conclusion. 8. Is it possible that he should be of the same opinion? 9. Are they still arguing?
Ex. 33. Translate into English using "can (could)".
1. Неужели ты засветил пленку? 2. Не может быть, чтобы он так разговаривал с вами. Он умеет держать себя в руках. 3. Вряд ли он примирился с такой ситуацией. 4. Неужели он не признал свою ошибку? 5. Разве 'мог кто-нибудь подумать, что ему удастся опять выйти сухим из воды?! 6. Неужели он не догадался о ваших намерениях? 7. Не может быть, чтобы он не смог доказать своей правоты. 8. Не может быть, чтобы она не заметила, что он остался при своем мнении. 9. Разве мог кто-нибудь подумать, что он вернется в спорт после автомобильной катастрофы. 10. Не может быть, чтобы ошибка осталась незамеченной.
Ex. 35. Test translation.
1. Цель переговоров была достигнута. Обе стороны подписали соглашение о дальнейшем развитии внешней торговли. 2. В результате наблюдений, проведенных над планетами, польский астроном Коперник (Copernicus 1473—1543) пришел к выводу, что земля и другие планеты движутся вокруг солнца. 3. После проверки результатов опыта ученые-медики убедились, что новый метод лечения сердечных заболеваний эффективен. 4. Если бы он был более наблюдателен во время проведения опыта, он бы не пропустил такую важную деталь. 5. Он уже хотел сказать ей о своей неудаче, но во-время сдержал себя, увидев, что она и без того чем-то расстроена. 6. Он подумал, что ему лучше не высказывать своего отношения к данному вопросу, поскольку он еще недостаточно хорошо изучил его. 7. Не беспокойтесь о билетах, я обо всем позабочусь сам. 8. Вам бы лучше не беспокоить его своими вопросами. Он очень занят. 9. Их требования совершенно справедливы. В этом нет никакого сомнения. 10. По моему мнению вы не совсем справедливы в своем отношении к нему. Необходимо учесть, что он работает у нас недавно и поэтому у него еще нет достаточного опыта. 11. Не может быть, чтобы она не признала того, что ошибка произошла по ее вине. 12. Он успешно сдал вступительные экзамены, и его приняли в институт. 13. Справедливости ради, нам следует признать, что без его помощи нам бы не удалось установить истину. 14. Он обещал прийти сегодня пораньше, но его все нет. Должно быть, важные дела задержали его на работе. 15. Задержка в поставке товара произошла из-за неблагоприятной погоды. 16. Весной у студентов нет ни минуты свободного времени. Они заняты подготовкой к экзаменам. 17. Пойдем с нами в кино, у нас есть лишний билет. 18. У него большой опыт работы, и его вполне можно назначить на должность директора фирмы. 19. Судя по его ответу он, должно быть, догадался о наших намерениях. 20. После тщательного изучения нового метода мы пришли к выводу, что его стоит применить (внедрить) в нашей работе. 21. Не может быть, чтобы он не учел наши замечания. Он всегда прислушивается к мнению своих товарищей. 22. У него, должно быть, не было веских аргументов, поэтому он не осмелился выступить против нашего предложения. 23. Я не в настроении сегодня говорить о делах. Я бы предпочел послушать музыку. 24. Не может быть, чтобы он ушел без разрешения. Это на него не похоже. 25. Поезд должен быть в пять часов, так что есть еще время, чтобы проверить, все ли готово к отъезду. 26. Странный она человек, постоянно чем-то недовольна. 27. Будьте осторожны в обращении с огнем. Не подвергайте себя опасности. 28. Не может быть, чтобы он отказался от своих слов.