- •Development of rockets Part I
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following phrases:
- •II. Give definitions to the following words:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •Development of rockets Part II
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following phrases:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •Spacecraft
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following phrases:
- •II. Give definitions to the following words:
- •III. Complete the sentences in your own way:
- •Manned Flights
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases:
- •III. Make up your own sentences with some of the phrases listed above.
- •IV. Make up a dialogue: you are the cosmonauts who are going to conduct some researches on the space station, so you discuss the future tasks and purposes of this mission. Gagarin’s First Flight
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •I see I’m afraid I wonder
- •It seems to me that I don’t know exactly If I’m not mistaken Simulators
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Make up your own sentences with the following phrases:
- •IV. Match the words with their definitions:
- •V. Give the definitions to the following words:
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Make up your own sentences with the following phrases:
- •IV. Give the definitions to the following words:
- •V. Read the following statements and discuss them with a partner:
- •I see I’m afraid I wonder
- •It seems to me that I don’t know exactly If I’m not mistaken Cosmos
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Match the words with their definitions:
- •IV. Find the odd word:
- •Ufo (Visiting the aliens)
- •Hubble Space Telescope
- •Where did constellations come from?
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Make up the sentences with the following phrases:
- •III. Find the odd word:
- •Exploration of the Moon
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following phrases:
- •II. Match the words with their definitions:
- •III. Make up your own sentences with the given word combinations:
- •Essential vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Make up your own sentences using the phrases listed above.
- •IV. Look at the words listed below. Which word is the odd one?
- •Energia
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Compose some phrases from the words given in the vocabulary and make up a short dialogue using these phrases.
- •III. Make up the sentences with the following word combinations:
- •IV. Find the odd word:
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Match the words with their definitions:
- •IV. Find the odd word:
- •Upgrading the MiG-29
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. A) Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Match the words with their definitions:
- •IV. Find the odd word:
- •International Cooperation
- •Korolyov, Sergey Pavlovich
- •Essential vocabulary:
- •Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich
- •Titov , Gherman Stepanovich
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following phrases:
- •II. State the words on their definitions:
- •III. Make up your own sentences with the words given in the essential vocabulary.
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •The Wright brothers
- •Essential vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Make up your own sentences with the phrases and words listed above.
- •Essential vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Look at the words listed below. Find the odd word.
- •Civil aircraft
- •Vocabulary:
- •I see I’m afraid I wonder
- •It seems to me that I don’t know exactly If I’m not mistaken
- •By Sergei Dmitriyev, The Moscow News
- •Essential vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Make up your own sentences with the several phrases listed above.
- •IV. Look at the group of words below. Which word is the odd one?
- •Airplanes and security
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
- •III. Match the words with their definitions:
- •IV. Find the odd word:
- •Russian-American Aircraft Designer Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich
- •Tupolev
III. Make up your own sentences with the words given in the essential vocabulary.
IV. Answer the following questions:
1). What spacecraft was piloted by Titov for the first time?
2). What year was Titov accepted to aviation cadet training?
3). What Academy was he graduated from?
4). What year was Titov named a Hero of the Soviet Union?
5). What title did Titov get in 1975?
6). Where did he work as an assistant?
7). What Titov’s writing in English translation do you know?
The Wright brothers
Wilbur and Orville Wright in the course of their experiments came increasingly to consider Cayley's diagram of how a wing works, particularly the role played the speed of the wind passing over the wing. This led them to seek a site with a strong and persistent wind (the Vogels Mountain where the has just such a high ambient wind, as do the hills near Elmira, N.Y., and Fremont, Calif., classic gliding courses). From the U.S. Weather Bureau the Wrights secured a list of windy sites in the United States, from which they chose the Outer Banks of North Carolina, specifically Kitty Hawk. On Kill Devil Hill there on Dec. 17, 1903, Orville Wright became the first man ever to fly in an aeroplane (as they were at first known), initially using as a frame a biplane of 40-foot 4-inch wingspan and equipped with the 12-horsepower engine. He lifted off the ground in a 20–27-mile/h wind and flew a distance of 120 feet in 12 seconds. Having a strong wind certainly aided in that accomplishment, but the brothers soon demonstrated that such a wind was not absolutely essential.
After further experiments at Kitty Hawk they returned to Dayton to build a second plane, Flyer No. 2. Neither the balloons and dirigibles nor the earlier ornithopter and glider experiments had produced flight: what they had done was to harness the dynamics of the atmosphere to lift a craft off the ground, using what power (if any) they supplied to steer. The Wrights initially used atmospheric dynamics to help in lifting the plane, but they subsequently demonstrated that they were able to lift a plane off the ground in still air.
In the long run their most significant invention was a way to steer the plane. After carefully watching a great number of birds, they became convinced that birds directed their flight by internally warping their wings, distorting them in one fashion or another. To do this in their plane, the Wrights constructed a ridged but distorted wing that might, through the use of wires fixed to the edge of the wing, be flexed to pass through the air in changing directions. This distortable wing was relatively misunderstood by other early plane experimenters.
During the summer of 1904 the Wrights made 105 takeoffs and managed to fly on a circular course up to 2.75 miles for a sustained flight that lasted 5 minutes 4 seconds. Because they took a proprietary view of their invention, publicity about their work was minimal. After further trials in 1905 they stopped their experiments, using the time to obtain patents on their contribution. Only in 1908 did they break their secrecy when Wilbur Wright went to France to promote their latest plane.