Task 68

Metaphors are based upon various types of similarity. Identify the feature or features of similarity in each case:

a) shape; b) function; c) age; d) colour; e) position.

1. the drop of milk - diamond drops

2. the heart of a man - the heart of a city

3. black shoes - black despair

4. the neck of a man - the neck of a bottle

5. green grass - a green man

6. the teeth of a boy - the teeth of a comb

7. the key to a door - the key to a mystery

8. the tail of an animal - the tail of a coat

Task 69

The metonymical change may be conditioned by various connections, such as spatial, temporal, causal, symbolic, instrumental, functional, etc. Establish the model of trans­fer in each case:

a) material → article made from it;

b) part → whole;

c) instrument→ product;

d) symbol→ thing symbolized;

e) receptacle → content;

f) place → people occupying it.

1. an excellent horse - a detachment of horse

2. a new kettle - The kettle is boiling

3. nickel (a metal) - nickel (a coin)

4. a beautiful crown - She refused the crown

5. to lead him by the hand - He has a legible hand

6. a large industrial town - The whole town is furious about the council's education policy

Task 70

Find the suitable description for each, metaphor:

Set I

a) A PROBLEM IS A TARGET

b) A PROBLEM IS A BODY OF WATER

c) A PROBLEM IS A LOCKED CONTAINER FOR ITS SO­LUTION

d) A PROBLEM IS A REGION IN A LANDSCAPE

1. He dived right into the problem.

2. He took aim at the problem.

3. Let's map out the problem before we do anything else.

4. He finally found the key to the problem.

5. The mayor targeted the problem of homelessness.

Set II

a) BELIEFS ARE BEINGS WITH A LIFE CYCLE

b) BELIEFS ARE GUIDES

c) BELIEFS ARE LOVE OBJECTS

d) BELIEFS ARE POSSESSIONS

1. He is wedded to a belief in his own infallibility.

2. That belief died out years ago.

3. We share many beliefs.

4. You are governed by your beliefs.

5. He acquired most of his beliefs during childhood.

6. He embraced that belief wholeheartedly.

7. His belief was born of the early philosophers.

8. Beliefs dictate actions.

Task 71

1. metaphor or b) metonymy?

1. John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich - sandwich (two or more slices of

((1718- 1792), an inveterate gambler who bread with meat, cheese, etc. between)

аte slices of cold meat between bread

at the gaming table dur­ing marathon sessions)

2. Don Juan (a legendary Spanish nobleman - Don Juan (a man who has great success

who had love affairs with many women) with women

3. Cinderella (a fairy tale character who is badly - Cinderella (a girl or woman whose beauty

treated by her family but with the help of her or abilities have not been recognized, or

fairy godmother marries a prince) who be­comes rich and success­ful after

a period of diffi­culty)

4. Rudolf Diesel ((1858-1913), a German - diesel (a type of com­pression ignition

me­chanical engineer) engine)

5. Rockefeller ((1839-1937), an American - Rockefeller (a very rich person)

in­dustrialist. He made a vast fortune from his

company Standard Oil)

6. James Thomas Brudnell, -7th Earl of - cardigan (a knitted jacket fastened with

Cardigan ((1797-1868), a British cavalryman buttons, first worn dur­ing the Crimean War

of the Cri­mean War fame) as protection against the cold winters)

7. Job ((in the Old Testament) a virtuous man

who kept his faith in God in spite of many - Job (a sufferer who keeps his faith)

misfortunes)

8. Falstaff (a hero of Shakespeare's plays) - Falstaff (a corpulent, jovial,

irrepressibly im­pudent person)

9. 1st Duke of Wellington - ((1769-1852), - Wellingtons, Welling­tons (boots

a British soldier and statesman, known as extending to the top of the knee in front

the Iron Duke. He defeated Napoleon at the but cut low in back)

Battle of Waterloo, bringing the Napoleonic

Wars to an end)

10. Adonis ((in Greek mythology) a handsome - Adonis (a very hand­some young man)

young man who was loved by Aphrodite)

11. Jekyll and Hyde(the protagonist of - Jekyll and Hyde (a person marked

Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case by dual personality, one aspect of which

of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886)) is good and the other is bad)

12. Jean Baptiste (a French linen weaver) - batiste(a sheer cotton or silk material

used for handkerchiefs, lingerie,

children's wear, ladies' summer dresses)

13. Andre Marie Ampere((1775-1836), a great - ampere (the unit of electrical current)

French mathematician and physicist)

14. Methusetah (a Hebrew Patriarch, - Methuselah (an extremely old man)

Patriarch, ther of Noah, described in the Old

Testament as living for 969 years)