The temple of artemis in ephesus

Associated carved decorated deserved destroyed disappeared founded helped noted modeled reconstructed revived

The Hellenistic period of 4th century BC was the great age of Ionic architecture. The ancient cities on the Asiatic coast (1) revived and were largely rebuilt. Most of the cities (2) founded farther east by Alexander the Great and his successors were (3) modeled on them.

Although some of the temples of Ionia were among the largest the Greeks ever built, the have almost entirely (4) disappeared, leaving only a few traces, from which archaeologists have (5) reconstructed their former appearance.

For the temple at Ephesus there are more than usual literary records. The original sixth-century BC temple – itself a marvel in its own day – was reputedly (6) destroyed by fire on the night Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC.

Alexander seems to have believed the story, because he (7) helped to pay for the temple’s successor, which took its place among the Seven Wonders of the World. Surviving fragments of (8) carved ornament suggest that it fully (9) deserved its reputation.

Pliny (10) noted that 36 columns of the temple were (11) decorated with a relief, a peculiarity copied from the destroyed temple presumably (12) associated with Alexander’s birth.

10. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово. The lighthouse of alexandria, egypt

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Built on the ancient island of Pharos, off the city’s coast, this

distinctive (1) construction worked day and night to make the harbor distinguishable (2) in the mist and mark dangerous waters around the island.

It was the ruler (3) of Egypt, Ptolemy Soter, who began building the Lighthouse, but the completion (4) of the construction dates back to the reign of Ptolemy II (283-246 BC). Sostratus, the architect (5) of the Lighthouse, carried out calculations (6) at the famous Alexandria Library. At the time, the Lighthouse was the tallest building on Earth, rising (7) over 40 stories high. It was built in three layrs (8), the lowest was rectangular, the middle one was octagonal and the top was circular (9).

At the top of the Lighthouse a torch was kept burning all night to guide ships into the harbor. The Lighthouse’s most impressive (10) feature was a mysterious (11) mirror. According to a legend, the mirror was a weapon. It could direct

dazzling (12) sunrays onto enemy ships and burn them.

The Lighthouse stood for about 1,500 years before it was totally (13) destroyed by an earthquake.

11. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово. The coliseum

Amphitheatres were amenities for which the Greeks had little use, since the entertainment (1) value of killing – whether the victims were wild beasts, criminals (2) or gladiators – was keenly (3) appreciated as late as in Rome. Since such exotic performances (4) occurred infrequently at first, only temporary wooden (5) structures or natural

depression (6) were used.

However, in Rome with its imperial policy of bread and circuses, amphitheatres were especially designed as permanent (7) structures. They presented every conceivable (8) problem for architects including the different needs of performers (9) and spectators, particular requirement (10) of safety and access. The ingenious interconnection of concentrie (11) corridors and inclines must have facilitated the handling (12) of large audiences.

The Coliseum was the largest of the Roman amphitheatres, but its name – now synonymous (13) with its size – in fact, derives from a colossal statue of Nero nearby. The Coliseum had a seating (14) capacity for 48,000 people and its remnants evoke awe and admiration (15) in visitors of the present-day Rome.