10. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово. The vikings

Gokstard, a burial (1) ship found in Norway in 1880, is now exhibited (2) in the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. The ship is supposed to have been built around 890 AD. It was used to bury a powerful (3) chief who died around 900 AD. Many rich Vikings were buried under the earth in ships, along with their weapons, jewelry and other possessions (4). The Vikings thought that the ship would take them safely (5) to the land of the dead.

The Vikings are remembered (6) as pirates. They were fierce warriors who terrorized (7) many seaside towns in Europe from the late 700s AD to about 1100 AD. But they were mainly farmers and traders (8) as well as excellent craftsmen. The Vikings developed ships that could travel very far and were known for their great maneuvering (9) abilities, so they could sail on shallow rivers and through rough seas. The boats of these northern sailors (10) were wooden, with many oars and large rectangular (11) sails. The Vikings reached as far as Baghdad in search of trade and conquest (12). They set up trading (13) towns around Europe and discovered Greenland and started settlements (14) there when it was still unknown (15) to the rest of the world. Erick the Red was one of the first famous (16) Vikings who set up a colony in Greenland in 982 AD. Leif Erikson, his son, was known to be a brave and courageous (17) sailor who set his foot on the North American continent 500 years before Christopher Columbus.

11. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово. Easter island

The people of Easter Island crossed the ocean to create a peaceful and prosperous (1) 1000-year civilization. But then their culture collapsed into a war and starvation (2). It is the most isolated (3) piece of land on the planet, which is situated in the South Pacific, 3.765 km west of South America. Easter Island is famous for its astonishing (4) Stone Age culture – enormous (5) stone figures, many of them standing on massive (6) stone platforms. The civilization that produced (7) them died out long ago.

Archeologists (8) believe that the statues were put up by colonists (9) who arrived between the first and the seventh centuries AD from distant (10) islands to the north-west. The inhabitants continued to make these structures for over a thousand years, possibly for religious (11) reasons. The statues became larger and more decorative (12) until about 1500, when production of these ceremonial (13) objects suddenly stopped.

By the time European sailors (14) arrived in 1722, the statue-making civilization had died out. The archeological evidence (15) suggests that the main reason for the decline of this civilization was deforestation (16) following the massive destruction (17) of woods for building canoes. It caused massive soil erosion, which damaged the island’s potential for growing crops. The great expense of effort on wasteful (18) activities (platform building, statue carving and transportation) exhausted the resources of the growing population, which combined with food shortage (19), led to violence (20) and, perhaps, even to cannibalism.