- •Module 1 early history
- •Reading
- •Text 1 ancient russia
- •II. Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •III. Find the nouns that are used in the text with the following verbs (there can be more then one variant):
- •IV. Complete the sentences using the words from the text in the correct form:
- •V. Discuss the following questions:
- •VI. Comment upon the following facts. What do you know about them?
- •VII. Find and present the information about the first code of laws, Russkaya Pravda. Text 2 historic people of ancient russia
- •I. Scan the text once and match the name of a historic person to his biography. There is one person whose biography is not given in the task.
- •II. Read the text again and fill in the following table:
- •I. Read the text for detail and match the words in bold with
- •II. Change the words in bold to their synonyms used in the text.
- •III. Read the text once again and answer the following questions:
- •IV. Suggest stories of your own, using the words listed below:
- •Text 4 russo-tatar relations
- •I. Read the text for detail, single out the key vocabulary related to Russo-Tatar relations and use it in your own examples. Sum up the information presented in the text.
- •II. Say whether the following sentences are true or false, give your comment using the phrases expressing opinion and attitude:
- •III. Using your knowledge and the information presented in the previous texts tell about the following people and phenomena in detail:
- •Text 5 culture of kievan russia
- •I. Scan the text and discuss the stages of Kievan Russia’ cultural development.
- •II. Make up a list of words related to culture and religion. Use them in your own examples.
- •III. Survey. Write five questions about the culture of Kievan Russia in the table. Do this in pairs/groups. Each student must write the questions on his/her own paper.
- •Text 6 the adoption of christianity in russia
- •I . Study the information presented in the text.
- •II. Write three true and three false statements about the adoption of Christianity in Russia. Pass them around so that the others can read them and explain why they are false.
- •III. Give the English interpretation of the following Russian text:
- •Grammar focus
- •I. Go to App. 1 p. 84 and read the information about the tenses in the Active Voice.
- •II. Put the verbs in brackets into the “Present Simple” or “Present Continuous”.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets into the “Present Perfect” or “Present Perfect Continuous”.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate present or future form.
- •V. Use the verbs in brackets in the right tense form. Moscow through centuries
- •VI. Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate tense.
- •VII. Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate tense.
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Summing-up assignment
- •II. Rendering: Древняя Русь
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Module 2 moscow princedom
- •In this module:
- •Reading Text 1 muscovy
- •I. Read the text to get the general understanding of it.
- •II. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •IV. Mark the following statements as True or False according to the text:
- •Text 2
- •Ivan III reign
- •I. Read the text and find out what the following figures mean: 30, 1509, 1497, 1440, 1490, 60, 1502, 40, 15, 1462.
- •Text 3
- •Vasily III
- •I. Read the text and put the following events of Vasily’s life and reign in the correct order:
- •II. Change the words or phrases in bold to their synonyms used in the text.
- •III. Comment upon the following quotations from the text:
- •V. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is correct, put a tick (V). If it has a word that should not be there, write this word on the lines.
- •Text 4 culture of muscovy
- •II. Ask 10 questions about the culture of Muscovy in the 14th–15th centuries and let you group mates answer them.
- •III. Prepare a classroom report on one of the following topics:
- •IV. Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
- •Grammar focus
- •I. Go to App.1 p.87 and read the information about the tenses in the Passive Voice.
- •II. Change the following sentences from Active into Passive.
- •III. Rewrite the following passage in the passive.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive or active tense.
- •Writing
- •I. Write the essay “The 15th century – the period of liberation of the Russian nation.” Speaking
- •Summing-up assignment
- •II. Rendering: Московское государство в период правления Ивана IV
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Module 3 ivan the IV the terrible
- •In this module:
- •Reading Text 1 life of ivan the terrible
- •I. Read the text to get the general understanding of it.
- •II. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •IV. Find the nouns that are used in the text with the following verbs:
- •V. Make up a list of 10 True/False statements based on Text 1.
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •Text 2 the oprichnina
- •I. Read the text to get the general understanding of it.
- •II. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Define the notions of the Oprichnina and the Zemshchina. Give characteristics of each land.
- •IV. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:
- •V. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
- •Text 3
- •Ivan’s policy
- •I. Read the text to get the general understanding of it.
- •Text 4 the reign of fedor ivanovich (1584–1598)
- •II. Discuss the following questions:
- •III. Present an annotation on the text singling out the main stages in Feodor’s reign.
- •V. Suggest English equivalents for the words in brackets.
- •Text 5 russian culture in the 16th century
- •I. Read the text paying special attention to the words and phrases pertaining to the sphere of culture. Underline these words in the text and make up your own sentences with them.
- •III. Work with a partner. Make up five questions about Russian culture in the 16th century. Pass these questions over to another group, let your group mates answer these questions.
- •IV. Write six or seven summary statements about what you have just read. Then in groups share what has been written. Grammar focus
- •I. Go to App. 1 p. 88 and read the information about Adjectives.
- •II. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative or superlative form.
- •III. Put the adjectives given in brackets in the following passage into the correct form, adding “the” or “a” where necessary.
- •IV. Put the adjectives or adverbs into the correct comparative form adding “the”, “than”, “of” or “in” where necessary.
- •Writing
- •Introduction
- •Speaking
- •Summing-up assignment
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Module 4 time of troubles and the first romanovs
- •In this module:
- •Reading Text 1 Time of Troubles
- •I. Read the text to get the general understanding of it.
- •II. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •IV. Find the nouns that are used in the text with the following verbs (there can be more than one variant):
- •V. Mark the following statements as True or False:
- •Text 2 Romanov – Rise to power
- •I. Read the text and render the information presented in it in six sentences.
- •II. Explain the following notions in your own words:
- •III. Mark the following statements as True or False according to the text:
- •V. Cross out the incorrect word in each sentence.
- •Text 3 Patriarch Filaret (Feodor Romanov)
- •I. Read the text to get the general understanding of it.
- •I. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •II. Find the nouns that are used in the text with the following verbs:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Make an annotation of the text. Find additional information about Filaret and present it to your group mates. Text 4 Aleksey Mikhaylovich
- •I. Read the text about Aleksey Mikhaylovich and decide whether these statements are True or False. Correct the false statements:
- •II. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:
- •Text 5 Culture
- •I. Read the text and discuss the following questions:
- •Grammar focus
- •I. Go to App. 1 p. 89 and read the information about Modals.
- •II. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of "can", "be able to", "must" or "have to".
- •III. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the words in capitals.
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Summing-up assignment
- •II. Rendering: Смутное время
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Module 5 peter the great
- •In this module:
- •Reading Text 1 Peter the Great
- •I. Skim the text and complete the tasks given below.
- •II. Find the English equivalents in the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Mark the following statements as True or False according to the text:
- •IV. Discuss the following questions:
- •Text 2 Early reign
- •I. Read the text and render the information presented in it in six sentences.
- •II. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •IV. Present an annotation on the text you have just read. Text 3 Peter the Great – Military Reforms
- •I. Read the text to get the general understanding of it.
- •II. Match the following words with the words in bold from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Sum up all the information about Peter’s military reforms. Text 4 Culture in the Epoch of Peter The Great
- •Grammar focus
- •I. Look at the texts above and find examples of the Infinitive.
- •II. Put the verbs in brackets into the “-ing” form or infinitive (full or bare) adding any necessary words.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets into the “ing” form or infinitive (full or bare).
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the “-ing” form or infinitive (full or bare).
- •V. Put the verbs in brackets into the “-ing” form or infinitive (full or bare).
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Summing-up assignment
- •II. Rendering: Петр I
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Test Yourself!
- •I. The following questions and answers will help you to see the main points of the units. Act out the dialogue.
- •II. Expand the sentences following the model.
- •IV. Complete the following statements:
- •V. Say whether the following statements are true or false.
- •VI. Choose one topic from the following list. Make the brief notes about the subject you have chosen. Discuss it with your group mates.
- •The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense Формы настоящего времени
- •Формы прошедшего времени
- •Формы будущего времени
- •Страдательный залог The Passive Voice
- •Имя прилагательное The Adjective
- •Модальные глаголы The Modals
- •Инфинитив The Infinitive
- •Герундий The Gerund
- •Appendix 2
- •I. Ознакомительное чтение (skimmimg)
- •II. Поисковое чтение (scanning)
- •III. Просмотровое чтение
- •IV. Изучающее чтение (reading for detail)
- •Работа с научной литературой
- •II. Перевод
- •III. Аннотирование
- •Опорные фразы, используемые для составления аннотации, пересказа
- •Как написать сочинение?
- •Contents
Module 1 early history
In this module:
Ancient Russia, Historic people of Ancient Russia, Mongol invasion, Russo-Tatar relations, Culture of Kievan Russia, The adoption of Christianity in Russia;
Tenses of the Active Voice;
Paragraph writing;
Role play on ancient cultures.
Lead-in:
I. Prepare to answer these questions. Compare your ideas in small groups.
1. Do you know when the history of Russia began?
2. Who were the first people who lived on our land?
3. Why does there exist an expression “Kiev is the mother of Russian cities”?
4. How can you account for the fact that the Mongol yoke lasted for 240 years?
II. Comment on the following:
The famous Russian poet Alexander Blok wrote:
“Yes, we are Scythians. Yes, we are Asiatics.
With slanting and greedy eyes”.
Reading
Study the information about different types of reading and working with information (see App. 2 p. 96).
Text 1 ancient russia
I. Skim the text, match the following Russian words with the words in bold in the text:
вера
древний; старинный
жить, обитать; населять, заселять
кочевой
королевство, царство, государство
поселиться, обосноваться; организовать поселение
воин; боец; борец, воитель
следовать, быть преемником
господство
вторгаться; захватывать, оккупировать
править; господствовать, властвовать
процветать, преуспевать
племя; клан, род
вторжение, нашествие
Numerous remains show that Russia was inhabited in the Paleolithic period. By the 7th cent. B.C. the northern shore of the Black Sea and the Crimea were controlled by the Scythians; in the 3rd cent. B.C. the Scythians were displaced by the Sarmatians. Later the open steppes of Russia were invaded by numerous peoples, mostly the Germanic Goths (3rd cent. A.D.), the Asian Huns (4th cent.), and the Turkic Avars (6th cent.). The Turkic Khazars built up (7th cent.) a powerful state in Southern Russia, and the Eastern Bulgars established (8th cent.) their empire in the Volga region. By the 9th cent. the Eastern Slavs had settled in Northern Ukraine, in Belarus, and in the regions of Novgorod and Smolensk, and they had established colonies to the east on the Oka and upper Volga rivers. The chief Slavic tribes in Southern Russia were dominated by the Khazars.
Thus, the early history of Russia, like those of many countries, is one of migrating peoples and ancient kingdoms. In fact, early Russia was not exactly “Russia”, but a collection of cities that gradually grew into an empire. At the beginning of the 9th century a Scandinavian people known as the Varangians crossed the Baltic Sea and landed in Eastern Europe.
T he leader of the Varangians was the semilegendary warrior Rurik, who led his people in 862 to the city of Novgorod on the Volkhov River. Whether Rurik took the city by force or was invited to rule there, he certainly invested the city. From Novgorod, Rurik’s successor Oleg extended the power of the city southward. In 882, he gained control of Kiev, a Slavic city that was built along the Dnepr River around the 5th century. Oleg’s attainment of rule over Kiev marked the first establishment of a unified, dynastic state in the region. Kiev became the center of a trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, and Kievan Russia, as the empire came to be known, flourished for the next three hundred years.
By 989, Oleg’s great-grandson Vladimir I was ruler of a kingdom that extended to as far south as the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, and the lower reaches of the Volga River. Having decided to establish a state religion, Vladimir carefully considered a number of available faiths and decided upon Greek Orthodoxy. It is said that Vladimir decided against Islam partly because of his belief that his people could not live under a religion that prohibits hard liquor. Some years later the first code of laws, Russkaya Pravda, was introduced. From the onset the Kievan princes followed the Byzantine example and kept the Church dependent on them, even for its revenues, so that the Russian Church and state were always closely linked.
Vladimir was succeeded by Yaroslav the Wise, whose reign marked the apogee of Kievan Russia. Yaroslav codified laws, made wise alliances with other states, encouraged the arts, and all the other sorts of things that wise kings do. Unfortunately, he decided in the end to act like Lear, dividing his kingdom among his children and bidding them to cooperate and flourish. Of course, they did nothing of the sort.
A nomadic Turkic people, the Kipchaks (also known as the Cumans), replaced the earlier Pechenegs as the dominant force in the south steppe regions neighbouring to Russia at the end of 11th century and founded a nomadic state in the steppes along the Black Sea (Desht-e-Kipchak). Repelling their regular attacks, especially on Kiev, which was just one day’s ride from the steppe, was a heavy burden for the southern areas of Russia. The nomadic incursions caused a massive influx of Slavs to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north, particularly to the area known as Zalesye.
Within a few decades of Yaroslav’s death (in 1054), Kievan Russia had broken up into regional power centers. Kiev’s dominance waned, to the benefit of Vladimir-Suzdal in the north-east, Novgorod in the north, and Halych-Volhynia in the south-west. It was during this time (in 1147 to be exact) that Yuri Dolgorukiy, one of the regional princes, held a feast at his hunting lodge atop a hill overlooking the confluence of the Moskva and Neglina Rivers. A chronicler recorded the party, thus providing us with the earliest mention of Moscow, the small settlement that would soon become the pre-eminent city in Russia.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_history; http://www.geographia.com/russia/rushis02.htm]