Вариант 12

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Выпишите слова с окончанием -s и определите, чему оно соответствует:

а) имени существительному в притяжательном падеже;

б) имени существительному во множественном числе;

в) глаголу 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite:

1. There are flowers in the vase.

2. Jane’s job seems to be very interesting.

3. Don speaks German very well.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужной по смыслу форме; укажите степень сравнения прилагательных:

1. Buying things from stall holders is (old) from of market.

2. Direct exporting involves (much) risk then indirect.

3. This woman is as (good) as that one.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Подчеркните и выпишите все глаголы и укажите их видовременную форму, залог и инфинитив.

1. What was your chief doing at 2 today?

2. The new department hasn’t been opened yet.

3. He will finish the novel next month.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:

1. There was a lot to discuss at the seminar.

2. In Belarus most industry continues to be under state control.

3. The equipment was packed in the required way.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

History of Economic Thought

Economic issues have occupied people's minds since ancient times. The Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade. Both felt that to live by trade was undesirable.

The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church condemned usury (the taking of interest for money loaned) and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture.

The development of modern nationalism during the 16th century shifted economic attention to increasing the wealth and power of the various nation-states. The economic policy of the time was known as mercantilism. Mercantilists valued gold and silver because with these metals a ruler could hire and outfit mercenaries, thus increasing the country's power. Many European nations began colonizing other parts of the world and siphoning precious metals and raw materials from their colonies.

A school of thought known as physiocracy arose in France during the second half of the 18th century. The physiocrats believed that all wealth originates in agriculture; wealth is then distributed from farmers to other groups. The physiocrats promoted free trade and laissez-faire.

VI. Поставьте и запишите 5 вопросов разных типов к тексту.

Вариант 13

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Выпишите слова с окончанием -s и определите, чему оно соответствует:

а) имени существительному в притяжательном падеже;

б) имени существительному во множественном числе;

в) глаголу 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite:

1. Peter’s mother is a good doctor.

2. He goes in for winter sports.

3. My brother drives very well.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужной по смыслу форме; укажите степень сравнения прилагательных:

1. Where is it (beautiful) near the lake or the sea?

2. This article is not so (interesting) as that one.

3. It is (old) building in the town.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Подчеркните и выпишите все глаголы и укажите их видовременную форму, залог и инфинитив.

1. Fairs and exhibitions are usually held under various mottoes.

2. We have just written the composition.

3. I small be watching TV at 8 o’clock tomorrow.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:

1. Future innovations in technology will decrease employment in some industries.

2. They would have stayed at home if they had known he was coming.

3. I don’t believe it because I know it isn’t true.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Types of Economies

Throughout history, every society has faced the fundamental economic problem of deciding what to produce, and for whom, in a world of limited resources. In the 20th century, two competing economic systems, broadly speaking, have provided very different answers: command economies directed by a centralized government, and market economies based on private enterprise.

Market economies are, by their very nature, decentralized, flexible, practical and changeable. The central fact about market economies is that there is no center. Indeed, one of the founding metaphors for the private marketplace is that of the «invisible hand».

Market economies may be practical, but they also rest upon the fundamental principle of individual freedom: freedom as a consumer to choose among competing products and services; freedom as a producer to start or expand a business and share its risks and rewards; freedom as a worker to choose a job or career, join a labor union or change employers.

Market economies are not without their inequities and abuses -many of them serious - but it is also undeniable that modern private enterprise and entrepreneurial spirit, coupled with political democracy, offers the best prospect for preserving freedom and providing the widest avenues for economic growth and prosperity for all.

VI. Поставьте и запишите 5 вопросов разных типов к тексту.