III.2 Make sentences with shouldn't ... So ...

Example:1 (you smoke too much) You ………shouldn't smoke so much.................................

2 (you work too hard) You.......................................................................................................so hard.

3 (he eats too much) He..............................................................................................................much.

4 (she watches.TV too often) She ..........................................................................................................

5 (you talk too much) You.......................................................................................................................

IV.4 Write sentences with I think ... Should ... Choose from:

have a holiday go to university sell it go home now go to the doctor

Example:1 It's late. I think we…… should go home now..........................................................................

2 Your car is very old. I think you.........................................................................................................

3 They need a change. I............................................................................................................................

4 He doesn't look well.................................................................................................................................

5 She's very intelligent..............................................................................................................................

IV. Have to (потрібно, приходиться, змушений)

Теперішній час Минулий час (yesterday/last week etc.)

I/we/you/they	have	to	do work go wear		I/we/you/they he/she/it	had	to	do work go wear
he/she/it	has

- I'll be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist.

- Jill starts work at 7.00, so she has to get up at 6.00.

- You have to pass a test before you can get a driving license.

- I was late for work yesterday. I had to go to the dentist.

- There was no bus, so we had to walk home.

Заперечні і питальні речення(do/does (present) and did (past)):

Заперечні речення:

Теперішній час Минулий час (yesterday/last week etc.)

I/we/you/they	don’t	have	to	do work go wear		I/we/you/they he/she/it	didn’t	have	to	do work go wear
he/she/it	doesn’t	have

Питальні речення:

Теперішній час Минулий час (yesterday/last week etc.)

What Where Why …

do

I/we/you/they

have

to

do work go wear

?

What Where Why …

did

I/we/ you/ they he/she/ it

had

to

do work go wear

?

does

he/she/it

have

- What time do you have to get up tomorrow morning?

- Does Jill have to work on Saturdays?

- Why did they have to leave the party early?

- I'm not working tomorrow, so I don't have to get up early.

- Ian doesn't have to work very hard. He's got an easy job.

- We didn't have to wait very long. The bus soon came.

Exercises

IV.1 Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs:

do read speak travel wear

Example:1 My eyes are not very good. I.........have to wear......... glasses.

2 At the end of the course, all the students .................................... a test.

3 Mary is studying literature. She .................................... a lot of books,

4 He doesn't understand much English, so I .................................... very slowly to

5 George is not often at home. He.................................... a lot in his job.

IV.2 Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs:

answer buy change get go walk

Example:1 There were no buses yesterday evening. We……had to walk……. home.

2 I'm going to bed early tonight. I............................ up early tomorrow morning.

3 It's late. I .................................... now. I'll see you tomorrow.

4 I went to the supermarket after work because I.................................... some food.

5 This train doesn't go to London. You.................................... at Bristol.

6 We did an exam yesterday. We .................................... six questions out of ten.

IV.3 Write questions. Some are present and some are past.

1. I have to get up early tomorrow. (What time….)

2. They had to leave early. (Why…..)

3. We had to pay a lot of money. (How much ................ you)

4. I have to go home now. (Why..................................)

5. He had to wait a long time. (How long…….)

4. Joy has to work this evening. (Why....................................)

6. Підведення підсумків заняття.

7. Домашнє завдання.

Роздатковий матеріал до заняття 24

Тема: «First Juries. Modal Verbs.»

1. Read the words correctly:

Decision, petit, inquisition, Catholic, oath, ordeal, righteous, perjure, wrongdoer, priest, medieval, intervene, to drown, issue.

2. Read the text and find the answers to the following questions:

1. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a jury?

2. How were cases resolved before jury system emerged?

3. Why was there a need for jury system?

4. What was the function of the first juries?

5. How did the function of the jury change through the centuries?

Early Juries

A jury is a body of lay men and women randomly selected to determine facts and to provide a decision in a legal proceeding. Such a body traditionally consists of 12 people and is called a petit jury or trial jury.

The exact origin of the jury system is not known; various sources have attributed it to different European peoples who at an early period developed similar methods of trial. The jury is probably of Frankish origin, beginning with inquisition, which had an accusatory and interrogatory function. Trial by jury was brought to England by the Normans in 1066.

In medieval Europe, trials were usually decided by ordeals, in which it was believed God intervened, revealing the wrongdoer and upholding the righteous. In the ordeal by water, for instance, a priest admonished the water not to accept a liar. The person whose oath was being tested was then thrown in. If he floated, his oath was deemed to have been perjured. If he was telling the truth, he might drown but his innocence was clear.

In 1215, however, the Catholic Church decided that trial by ordeal was superstition, and priests were forbidden to take part. As a result, a new method of trial was needed, and the jury system emerged.

At first the jury was made up of local people who could be expected to know the defendant. A jury was convened only to "say the truth" on the basis of its knowledge of local affairs. The word verdict reflects this early function; the Latin word from which it is derived, veredictum, means "truly said".

In the 14th century the role of the jury finally became that of judgment of evidence. By the 15th century trial by jury became the dominant mode of resolving a legal issue. It was not until centuries later that the jury assumed Its modern role of deciding facts on the sole basis of what is heard in court.

These words will help you to understand the text properly:

To uphold the righteous – захищати, допомагати праведним; priest – священик; admonish – переконувати, умовляти; to accept liar – приймати брехуна; to deem – вважати; to drown – тонути, потопати; to emerge – виявляти, з’являтися; to convene – визивати до суду; local affairs – місцеві справи; to reflect – відображати; to resolve – приймати рішення; to assume – брати на себе; on the sole basis – на єдиній основі.