2. Find in the text the words that mean the following:

• examination of a case before a court of law;

• a former method of trial used to determine guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to serious physical danger, the result being regarded as a divine judgment;

• a solemn appeal to a court to witness one's determination to speak the truth;

• freedom from sin or moral wrong;

• a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance.

5. Граматичний аспект заняття:

Модальні дієслова.

І. MAY i MIGHT

Вивчіть приклад:

I may go to Paris. (= Perhaps I will go to Paris.)

It might rain.(= Perhaps it will rain.)

May та might вживаються з неозначеною формою дієслова ( infinitive):

May , might + infinitive (may go/might go/may play/might play etc.):

I/we/you/they he /she /it

may (not) might (not)

be go play come

■ may/might можуть означати., що щось може відбутися (= it is possible that something will happen). -

I may go to the cinema this evening. чи I might go to the cinema this evening. (= можливо, я піду)

-'When is Kay going to phone you?' 'I don't know. She may phone this afternoon

■Заперечна форма утворюється шляхом додавання заперечної частки not до may та might :

- I might not go to work tomorrow. (= perhaps I will not go)

- Sue may not come to the party. (= perhaps she will not come)

■ May також означає дозвіл:

May I...? = Is it okay to do something?:

- May I smoke? (= Is it okay if I smoke?/Can I smoke?)

- 'May I sit here?' 'Yes, of course.'

Exercises

І.1 Write sentences with may or might.

1 (perhaps I will go to the cinema) I may go to the cinema......................................................

2 (perhaps I will see Tom tomorrow) I................................................................................................

3 (perhaps Kay will be late) Kay.............................................................................................................

4 (perhaps it will snow today) It...........................................................................................................

5 (perhaps I will wear my new jeans) I ...............................................................................................

These sentences are negative.

6 (perliaps they will not come) ..............................................................................................................

7 (perhaps I will not go out tonight) I ................................................................................................

II. Must

Must (повинен, зобов’язаний)

Вживається must з неозначеною формою дієслова (інфінітивом):

must+ infinitive (must do/must see etc.):

I/we/you/they he/she/it

must

do go stop write

- The windows are very dirty. I must clean them,

- It's a fantastic film. You must see it.

- We must go to the bank today. We haven't got any money.

Must має однакову форму для теперішнього і майбутнього часів:

- I must go to the bank now.

- I must go to the bank tomorrow.

Для минулого часу (yesterday/last week etc.) використовується had to + infinitive (had to go/ had to do/had to write etc.): '

— I had to go to the bank yesterday. (= It was necessary for me to go to the bank.)

- We had to walk home last night. There was no bus.

Заперечні і питальні речення у такому випадку утворюються за допомогою допоміжного дієслова did:

I didn’t have to go to the bank yesterday.

Did you have to go to the bank yesterday?

■ mustn't (must not) – це категорична заборона

I mustn't do it ~ it is important not to do it, it is a bad thing to do:

- I must hurry. I mustn't be late.

- I mustn't forget to phone George. (= I must remember)

- You mustn't walk on the grass. (= Don't walk on the grass.)

■ needn't (need not) – не потрібно, не має необхідності

I needn't do it = I don't need to do it =it is not necessary to do it

Exercises

ІІ.1 Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these verbs:

buy go help hurry learn meet phone read win be go wash

Example: 1 We must go ... to the bank today. We haven't got any money.

2 I............................. . I haven't got much time.

3 She's a very interesting person. You............................ her.

4 I forgot to phone Dave last night. I............................ him today.

5 You............................ to drive. It's very useful.

6 This is an excellent book. You........................... it.

7 We...............:..........,. some food. We've got nothing for dinner.

8 My hair is dirty. I............................ it.

9 I............................to the post office. I need some stamps.

10 I have a big problem. You............................me.

11 The game tomorrow is very important for us. We............................

12 You can't always have things immediately. You............................ patient.