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18. Answer the questions:

a) What is the ability of the human eye to distinguish colours based upon?

b) What are the types of colour receptor cells in the retina?

c) What are the tristimulus values?

d) How many colours can humans distinguish?

e) What is the ventral stream responsible for?

f) What is the exact nature of colour perception?

19. Say whether the following is true or false:

a) The retina contains six types of colour receptor cells, or cones.

b) Light, no matter how complex its composition of wavelengths, is broadened to three colour components by the eye.

c) It is easy to stimulate only the mid-wavelength (so-called "green") cones; the other cones will inevitably be stimulated to some degree at the same time.

d) The other type of light-sensitive cell in the eye, the rod, has another response curve.

e) A dominant theory of colour vision proposes that colour information is transmitted out of the eye by three opponent processes, or opponent channels, each constructed from the raw output of the cones: a red-green channel, a blue-yellow channel and a black-white "luminance" channel.

20. Translate into English:

В человеческом глазt присутствуют два вида рецепторов: палочки и колбочки. Палочки реагируют на оттенки серого, а с помощью колбочек мозг способен воспринимать спектр цветов. Существует три типа колбочек: первые реагируют на красно-оранжевый цвет, вторые - на зеленый, а третьи - на сине-фиолетовый. Когда стимулируется только один тип колбочек, мозг видит только один соответствующий цвет. Таким образом, если стимулируются наши "зеленые" колбочки - мы видим "зеленый" цвет. Если красно-оранжевые - "красный". Если одновременно стимулировать зеленые и красно-оранжевые колбочки, мы видим желтый цвет. Глаз не способен отличить настоящий желтый цвет от некоей комбинации красного и зеленого. То же самое касается нашего восприятия таких цветов как циан, фуксин и прочих межспектральных цветов.

21. Grammar revision (for more information, see appendix 2)

PAST TENSES

1.I had a cup of tea for breakfast because I … of coffee.

a) ran out

b) had run out

c) was running out

d) had been running out.

2. When Mary came back, she looked very red from the sun. She … in the sun too long.

a) had been lying

b) was lying

c) had lain

d) lay

3. When I first … to England in 1938, I thought I knew English fairly well.

a) came

b) had come

c) was coming

d) had been coming

4. Before I went to bed I decided to check the front door. I was sure my sister … it. And I was right!

a) didn’t lock

b) hadn’t locked

c) locked

d) had locked

5. Everybody was laughing merrily while Harris … them a funny story.

a) told

b) had told

c) was telling

d) had been telling

6. Our neighbours called the police when they found out that somebody … into their house.

a) broke

b) was breaking

c) had broken

d) had been breaking

7. While I … the dishes last night, I dropped a plate and broke it.

a) washed

b) was washing

c) had washed

d) had been washing

8. I didn’t see Linda last month because she … around Europe.

a) travelled

b) was travelling

c) had travelled

d) had been travelling

9. I saw Paul at the airport. He … for his brother’s plane to arrive from Canada.

a) had been waiting

b) had waited

c) waited

d) was waiting

10. A strong wind … and I decided to put on a warm coat.

a) blew

b) had blown

c) was blowing

d) had been blowing

11. I looked everywhere for my car keys and then I remembered that my son … the car to the work.

a) took

b) had taken

c) was taking

d) had been taking

12. When Alice was small, she … of darkness and always slept with the light on.

a) used to be afraid

b) was afraid

c) had been afraid

d) afraided

13. Tom … breakfast this morning because he didn’t have any time.

a) wasn’t eating

b) hadn’t eaten

c) didn’t eat

d) hadn’t been eating

14. Margaret didn’t wear her shoes; she was barefoot. She … on a piece of broken glass and cut her foot.

a) stepped

b) had stepped

c) was stepping

d) had been stepping

15. Our clothes were wet because we … in the rain.

a) had been walking

b) had walked

c) were walking

d) walked

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