- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •9. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of time after conjunctions when
- •10. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of condition after conjunctions if
- •In case
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •What do we do next?
- •The present continuous tense
- •III. The Present Continuous Tense is used to denote:
- •Actions or events which are in progress at the moment of speaking. To emphasize this, we often use adverbials like now, at the moment, just, etc.:
- •6. For a frequently repeated action, usually when the frequency annoys the speaker or
- •7. For an action which appears to be continuous:
- •8. To describe current trends:
- •Verbs not normally used in the continuous tenses
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •Irregular verbs: form
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •2. In narrations to express a succession of action of past actions.
- •3. To express recurrent actions. It is generally supported by the use of adverbial modifiers
- •4. To express the immediate past. We can sometimes use the simple past without a time
- •6. To express permanent actions which indicate continuous, uninterrupted processes in the past, giving a general characteristic of the person or thing denoted by the subject.
- •The past continuous tense
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •4. In sentences containing clauses of condition, time and sometimes purpose
- •The future continuous tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •III. The use of the Present Perfect
- •Have you been to Denmark?
- •Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •The past perfect tense
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •With verbs not admitting of the Continuous form:
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not been working?
- •Hadn’t you been working?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The Future Perfect Continuous denotes an action begun before a definite moment in the future and continued into that future moment;
- •The future-indefinite-in-the-past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Shouldn’t I work/
- •III. The use of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past.
- •The future-continuous-in-the-past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Should I not have been working?
- •Wouldn’t he have been working?
- •III. The use of the Future-Perfect-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •List of irregular verbs
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I’d be working
He’d be working
The contracted negative forms are:
I shouldn’t be working
He wouldn’t be working
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Should I not be working?
Shouldn’t you be working?
Would he not be working?
Wouldn’t he be working?
THE USE OF THE FUTURE-CONTINUOUS-IN-THE-PAST
I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
The Future-Continuous-in-the-Past denotes a concrete action going on at a definite moment (occasionally covering a whole period of time in the future) when that future moment is viewed from the past.
I told him not to come at six o’clock because I should be having my lesson at that
time.
I felt sure they would be discussing the same problem when I called.
THE FUTURE-PERFECT-IN-THE-PAST
I. The formation of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
The Future-Perfect-in-the-Past is formed by means of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past of the auxiliary verb to have and Participle II of the notional verb.
In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
|
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
I should have worked |
Should I have worked? |
I should not have worked |
|
You would have worked |
Would you have worked? |
You would not have worked |
|
He/she/it would have worked |
Would he/she/it have worked? |
He/she/it would not have worked |
|
We should have work |
Should we have worked? |
We shouldn’t have worked |
|
They would have work |
Would they have worked? |
They shouldn’t have worked |
II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I’d have worked
He’d have worked
The contracted negative forms are:
I shouldn’t have worked
He wouldn’t have worked
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Should I have worked?
Shouldn’t I have worked?
Would he not have worked?
Wouldn’t he have worked?
III. The use of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
1. The Future-Perfect-in-the-Past is used to denote an action completed before a definite moment which was future from the point of view of the past.
I wondered whether they would have reached the place by noon.
They assured me that they would have finished their work by six o’clock.
-
An action begun before a given future moment and continued into that future moment, in both cases when the future moment is viewed from the past.
She wrote to me that by the first of July she would have been at the seaside for a
fortnight.
HE FUTURE-PERFECT-CONTINUOUS-IN-THE-PAST TENSE
I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
The Future-Continuous-in-the-Past is formed by means of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb.
In the interrogative form of the first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
|
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
I should have been working |
Should I have been working? |
I should not have been working |
|
You would have been working |
Would you have been working? |
He would not have been working |
|
He/she/it would have been working |
Would he/she/it have been working? |
He/she/it would not have been working |
|
We should have been working |
Should we have been working? |
We should not have been working |
|
They would have been working |
Would they have been working? |
They would not have been working |