- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •9. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of time after conjunctions when
- •10. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of condition after conjunctions if
- •In case
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •What do we do next?
- •The present continuous tense
- •III. The Present Continuous Tense is used to denote:
- •Actions or events which are in progress at the moment of speaking. To emphasize this, we often use adverbials like now, at the moment, just, etc.:
- •6. For a frequently repeated action, usually when the frequency annoys the speaker or
- •7. For an action which appears to be continuous:
- •8. To describe current trends:
- •Verbs not normally used in the continuous tenses
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •Irregular verbs: form
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •2. In narrations to express a succession of action of past actions.
- •3. To express recurrent actions. It is generally supported by the use of adverbial modifiers
- •4. To express the immediate past. We can sometimes use the simple past without a time
- •6. To express permanent actions which indicate continuous, uninterrupted processes in the past, giving a general characteristic of the person or thing denoted by the subject.
- •The past continuous tense
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •4. In sentences containing clauses of condition, time and sometimes purpose
- •The future continuous tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •III. The use of the Present Perfect
- •Have you been to Denmark?
- •Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •The past perfect tense
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •With verbs not admitting of the Continuous form:
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not been working?
- •Hadn’t you been working?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The Future Perfect Continuous denotes an action begun before a definite moment in the future and continued into that future moment;
- •The future-indefinite-in-the-past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Shouldn’t I work/
- •III. The use of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past.
- •The future-continuous-in-the-past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Should I not have been working?
- •Wouldn’t he have been working?
- •III. The use of the Future-Perfect-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •List of irregular verbs
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I’ll have been working
We’ll have been working
The contracted negative forms are:
I shan’t have been working
He won’t have been working
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Will he not have been working?
Won’t he have been working?
Shall we not have been working?
Shan’t we have been working?
III.The use of the Future Perfect Continuous
-
The Future Perfect Continuous denotes an action begun before a definite moment in the future and continued into that future moment;
I shall have been writing for two hours by the time you come back.
By the first of July he will have bee working at this office for six months.
THE FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST TENSE
The English language has a special form of the future, the Future-in-the-Past, to express a future action viewed from a past moment (sequence of tenses). If the verb in the principal clause is in one of the past tenses, a past tense (or Future-in-the-Past) must be used in the subordinate clause. If the action expressed in the principal clause is posterior to that of the principal clause the Future-in-the-Past is used.
The future-indefinite-in-the-past
I. The formation of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past
The Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs should and would and the infinitive without to of the notional verb.
Should is used for the first person singular and plural.
Would is used for the second and the third person singular and plural.
In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.
|
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
I should work |
Should I work? |
I should not work |
|
You would work |
Would you work? |
You would not work |
|
He/she/it would work |
Would he/she/it work? |
He/she/it would not work |
|
We should work |
Should we work? |
We shouldn’t work |
|
They would work |
Would they work? |
They shouldn’t work |
II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I’d work
He’d work
The contracted negative forms are:
I shouldn’t work
He wouldn’t work
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Should I work?
Shouldn’t I work/
Would he not work?
Wouldn’t he work?
III. The use of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past.
The Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past denotes an action which was future from the point of view of the past.
I was sure he would agree with me.
The future-continuous-in-the-past
I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
The Future-Continuous-in-the-Past is formed by means of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb.
In the interrogative form of the first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
|
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
I should be working |
Should I be working? |
I should not be working |
|
You would be working |
Would you be working? |
He would not be working |
|
He/she/it would be working |
Would he/she/it be working? |
He/she/it would not be working |
|
We should be working |
Should we be working? |
We should not be working |
|
They would be working |
Would they be working? |
They would not be working |