Answer the questions on the text:

1. When was Lomonosov born?

2. Did he strive for knowledge in his childhood?

3. Where did he study?

4. What fields of science was Lomonosov engaged at first?

5 In what fields of science did he write works?

6. What did he write besides scientific works?

7. What university is named after him?

8. When did he die?

Choose the right variant:

1. Why do …..represent in pictures the faces of their fellow men?

a) painter b) painters c) paint d) painting

2. The ...was supposed to assemble at 7.30 in the Common Room.

a) company b) companies c) companion d) companions

3.There aren’t …..easy ways of learning a foreign language.

a) some b) no c) any d) much

1. Intuition is defined as a way of knowing ….more or less immediately without having to go through a conscious process of figuring out the answer.

a) nothing b) somewhere c) anywhere d) something

4. I haven’t given … permission to borrow my calculator.

1. anyone b) somebody c)everybody d) no one

4. That was … test I’ve ever done.

1. the least b) the less c) little difficult d) the least difficult

7. In the competition I was nervous and played…. than usual

1. worst b) badly c) worse d) as badly

8. He’s got a car,… he?

1. isn’t he b) hasn’t c) doesn’t d) has

9. He isn’t interested in arts,… he?

1. is b) isn’t c) are d) aren’t

10. Students go boating in summer,…they?

1. do b) don’t c) does d) doesn’t

UNIT8. VOLODYMYR VERNADSKY

1. Memorize the following words:

genealogical – генеалогічний

soil – грунт

chair - очолювати

to be in charge – завідувати

coup – переворот

flee (fled) – тікати

draft – складати (план)

resign – відмовитися (піти)

chauvinism – шовінізм

wing – крило

core – ядро

regard – дивитися на, вважати

regularity – закономірність

crust – кора

findings – здобутки, результати дослідження

2. Translate the following international words without a dictionary

Mineralogist, crystallographer, philosopher, politician, radium, geochemical, genealogical, academy, biogeochemistry, radioactivity, evolution, history, university, institute

3. Read and translate the following text:

Volodymyr Vernadsky, was born 12 March 1863 in St Petersburg, died 6 January 1945 in Moscow. Geochemist, mineralogist, and crystallographer, philosopher of science, political activist, and politician; full member of the Russian (later USSR) Academy of Sciences, the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences, and member of the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv, the Poltava Prosvita society, the Shevchenko Scientific Society, and the Volhynion Scientific Society. After graduating from St Petersburg University (1885) he did graduate work there and in Munich and Paris (1888-9) and was elected president (1886) of the United Council of Regional Student Organizations in the Russian Empire. He taught at Moscow University (1891-1911) and was a member of the Russian State Council (1906-11). Vernadsky had close genealogical, personal, and intellectual links to Ukraine. From 1889 to 1918 he spent part of nearly every summer in Poltava gubernia. In 1890 he researched the soils of Kremenchuk county as a member of V.Dokuchaev's soil-science expedition. After the February Revolution of 1917 Vernadsky chaired the Agricultural Scholarly Committee of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, and was appointed the Russian deputy minister of education in charge of all universities and scientific institutions. After the Bolshevik coup he fled to Ukraine. In 1918 he headed the group of Ukrainian scholars that drafted the detailed project for founding the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. In 1918-19 he served as its first president, and lectured in Kyiv University. Although he was liberal supporter of the idea of 'Russian' unity and a vocal opponent of the Bolsheviks, Whites, he resigned from the Russian Constitutional Democratic party because of the Russian chauvinism of its Ukrainian wing. In 1919, while visiting Rostov, he was unable to return to Ukraine and ended up in the White-controlled Crimea, where he was a professor and rector of Tavriia University in Symferopol in 1920. In 1921 Vernadsky returned to Petrograd and organized the Radium Institute there. In 1922 he went to Paris to work with M.Curie and lecture at the Sorbonne. In 1926 he returned to Russia, and from 1928 until his death he directed the USSR academy's Radium Institute and Laboratory for Geochemical Problems.

Vernadsky's ideas became the core of new directions in geology, mineralogy, and hydrogeology, and he is regarded as the founder of Soviet geochemistry and biogeochemistry. He is the author of the fundamental studies on the regularities in the composition and structure of Earth, the chemical composition of the crust, hydro- and atmosphere, the role mid importance of radioactive elements in the planet's evolution, and the place of living matter in its history. Vernadsky's findings are universally recognized.