Answer the following questions:

1. What is William Gates'?

2. When and where was he born?

3. What are his parents?

4. Where did Bill Study?

5. What programming language did he develop?

6. When did Bill Gates found Microsoft?

7. What is the main mission of Microsoft?

8. When and what book did he write?

9. What is Corbis?

10. What are Bill's hobbies?

11. Invention of radio. Part I.

Within the timeline of radio, many people were involved in the invention of radio transmission of information as we know it today. Despite this, during its early development and long after wide acceptance, disputes persisted about who was solely responsible for the invention of radio.

James Clerk Maxwell performed the theoretical physical research that correctly predicted the existence of radio (and all other electromagnetic) waves. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was the experimental physicist who created radio waves in a controlled laboratory manner. Neither Maxwell nor Hertz, though, devised systems for actual general use or described the application of the technology.

Developments, parallel to these individuals and after, are engineering investigations that lead to the 'invention of radio': the objects, processes, or techniques of information transception. Many individuals contributed to the art of wireless, in the air, earth, and water; this includes the precursory work in wireless telephony and wireless telegraphy.

David E. Hughes, eight years before Hertz's experiments and nearly two decades before Marconi's demonstrations, induced electromagnetic waves in a signalling system. Hughes transmitted Morse code by an induction apparatus.

In 1885, T. A. Edison used a vibrator magnet for induction transmission. In 1888, Edison deployed a system of signalling on the railroad. In 1892, Edison attained the wireless patent for this method using inductance.

From 1886 to 1888 inclusive in his classical experiments, Heinrich Hertz had proved that the properties of radio waves were consistent with Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. He demonstrated that radio radiation had all the properties of waves (now called Hertzian waves), and discovered that the electromagnetic equations could be reformulated into a partial differential equation called the wave equation.

Hertz’s setup for a source and detector of radio waves comprised a primitive radio system capable of transmitting and receiving space waves through free space.

Hertz used the damped oscillating currents in a dipole antenna, triggered by a high-voltage electrical capacitive spark discharge, as his source of radio waves. His detector in some experiments was another dipole antenna connected to a narrow spark gap. A small spark in this gap signified detection of the radio wave. When he added cylindrical reflectors behind his dipole antennas, Hertz could detect radio waves about 20 metres from the transmitter in his laboratory. He did not try to transmit further because he wanted to prove electromagnetic theory, not to develop wireless communications.

Hertz died in 1894, so the art of radio was left to others to implement into a practical useful form. His discoveries would later be taken up by entrepreneurs looking to make their fortunes. Marconi's 1895 experiments followed Hertz's work (among others') by using a spark source in what became known as a spark-gap transmitter.

Nikola Tesla, Serbian physicist, inventor, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer, who contributed more to electrical science than any man up to his time. Nikola Tesla was one of the first to patent a means to reliably produce radio frequency currents. In his work he described an alternator that produced high-frequency current (for that time period), around 10,000 cycles per second. Around July 1891, he established his New York laboratory and constructed various apparatuses that produced between 15,000 to 18,000 cycles per second. At this location, he also lit vacuum tubes wirelessly. Transmission and radiation of radio frequency energy was a feature exhibited in the experiments by Tesla and was noted early on to be used for the telecommunication of information.

In 1892, Tesla delivered a widely reported presentation before the Institution of Electrical Engineers of London in which he noted, among other things, that intelligible messages could be transmitted without wires.

In late 1896 to early 1897 Tesla received wireless signals transmitted from the distance of about 30 miles and in 1899 established an "Experimental Station" in Colorado Springs where he continued his research into wireless transmission principles often using a form of electrical oscillator known as the magnifying transmitter. Tesla’s structure injected a large alternating current into the earth via the ground terminal. He established a system which was composed of a transmitting coil (or conductor) arranged and excited to cause oscillations (or currents) to propagate via conduction through the natural medium from one point to another remote point there from and a receiver coil, or conductor, of the transmitted signals.