4. Answer the following questions according to the text:

1. What was the major venue of sciences in the 19th century?

2. What were the first national schools of science in the 19 century?

3. What universally recognized Ukrainian scientists do you know?

4. Who has been the president of the National Academy of Ukraine since 1962?

5. Who was Boris Paton?

6. What was the result of complex developments by experts on informatics, physics, physical metallurgy and chemistry?

7. What are the most developed fields of science nowadays?

8. How can you describe the technological cooperation in the world?

5. Find the derivations of these words

Model: Nature - naturalist.

Scientist, historian, orientalist, lawyer, physician, mathematician, biologist, microbiologist, epidemiologist, botanist, archaeologist, ethnographer, zoologist, economist, demographer.

6. Give the plural form of the following nouns

Monastery, century, academy, university, center, school, event, plant, historian, economist, demographer, scientist, expert, accomplishment, country, year, result, industry, name, phrase, type, time, contribution, achievement.

7. Paraphrase the following words combinations and sentences, using a possessive case:

1. The work of these scientists is interesting.

2. The computer of my son is modern.

3. The discovery of this man.

4. The poems of Pushkin.

5. The questions of my friend.

6. The voice of this woman.

7. The life of this man.

8. The name of this girl is Jane.

8. Translate, analyze the following words with different suffixes, and divide them into two groups: nouns and adjec­tives

Relationship, scientist, structure, researcher, mathematical, systematic, observation, general, scientific, natural, social, technical, numerous, in­fluence, invention, industrial, development, production, different, tele­vision, communication, computer, digital, physical, temperature, inter­national, producer, electric, electronic, dictation.

9. Retell the text about the development of Ukrainian science

UNIT3. DISCOVERY OF THE GENERATION OF RADIO WAVES IN MOLECULAR BEAMS

1.Memorize the following words:

investigation – дослідження

propagation –розповсюдження, відтворення

oscillation –коливання

requirement - вимога

spectroscopy - спектроскопія

simultaneously – разом, спільно

molecular beam- молекулярний пучок (промінь)

maser - мазер

amplification - посилення

emission – емісія, поширення

diversity – розходження, різноманіття

ammonia – аміак

2. Read and translate the text:

Alexander Prokhorov, a graduate of the Leningrad University, worked in the field of radio physics and joined the investigations of radio waves propagations.

The main subject under study at that time was the general theory of oscillations and highly skilled mathematicians and physicists were in great demand. Such scientists like Prokhorov and Basov could fully meet those requirements, and they found themselves in one of the most advanced schools of modern physics and were both interested in radio spectroscopy.

At approximately the same time a young physicist Charles Towns by name was working in the same field of physics at the Columbia University of New York. Quantum physics came into being in 1954, when Prokhorov and Basov in the USSR and Charles Towns in New York simultaneously and independently discovered the generation of radio waves in molecular beams. They used a device of quite a new type, a molecular generator or “maser” as it was called in New York. The word “maser” consists of the first letters of an English phrase describing the principle of operation of the device – Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Together with quantum radio physics the science of quantum radio electronics came into existence. Atoms in various combinations form all the diversity of the world created by man and nature.

Both Soviet and American molecular generators are genetically alike, but they have some differences. The heart of these two devices is the volumetric generator. Here forced emission and feedback are combined. In Moscow as well as in New York ammonia was the working body. Its molecules have the most intensive spectral lines in the centimeter wave range.

Prokhorov and Basov worked much to perfect the molecular generator. Their scientific achievements are highly appreciated all over the world. They are Nobel Prize winners.

3. Answer the questions on the text:

1. In what branch of science did Prokhorov and Basov work?

2. What was the main subject studied at that time?

3. What were both scientists interested in?

4. Where and when did Charles Towns work?

5. When did quantum physics come into being?

6. What is a maser?

7. What do you know about atom?

8. What properties of ammonia do you know?

4. Translate the following international words without a dictionary

Centimeter, colourless, diversity, intensive, molecular, mathematician, academician, experimental, oscillation, physics, theory, spectroscopy, generation, radiation

5. Make these sentences plural according to the model

Model: This is a car. These are cars.

1. This is an atom.

1. This is a device.

2. That is a source of power.

3. That is a new theory.

4. Is this an experiment?

5. Is this a train?

6. Is that a modern invention?

7. Is the window open?

8.  Is that molecule intensive?

10. Will it be a perfect generator?

6. Change the following sentences from the 1^st person into the 3^rd person and make them interrogative

Model: I have a new project. He has a new project. They have a new project. Has he a new project? Have they a new project?

1. I have a report at the conference.

1. I have a detailed plan of this work.

2. I have some concerns about this experiment.

3. I have interesting scientific achievements.

4. I have an article translated into English.

5. I have some more equipment to be used in the laboratory.

6. I have some information obtained recently.

7. I have some work to do in summer.

8. I have three lectures today.

9. I have some questions according to my work.