2. Answer the questions:

1. How can we light an oil lamp?

2. What can be used to give light?

3. What kinds of electric lamps do you know?

4. How do electric lamps differ from other kinds of lamps?

5. What do you like more — electric light or candle-light?

6. Where are arc lamps used today?

7. What are filaments made of?

8. What produces light in a mercury vapour lamp?

Choose the right variant:

1. I … a decision yet.

 a) haven’t made b) made c) am making d) will make

2. When I lived in London, I … through the park every day.

a) walked b) was walking c) have walked d) have been walked

3. By the time the train finally … in Moscow, I had come to several conclusions.

a) had arrived b) was arriving c) has arrived d) arrived

4. By the time I got to the station, the train …

a) had left b) was leaving c) is leaving d) left

5. My most embarrassing experience … when I had just left the university.

a) had happened b) happened c) was happening d) has happened

6. Thomas Edison … work on the railway when he was twelve.

a) started b) was starting c) has started d) had started

7. We … our reports yet.

a) had written b) haven’t written c) wrote d) write

8. The event … before they arrived home.

a) reported b) had been reported c) was being reported d) has been reported

9. .I … a letter by an unknown person yesterday.

a) gave b) have been given c) was given d) have given

10. Several problems … the committee.

a) were considered by b) considered by c) considered were by d) considers

UNIT22. THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORK OF STUDENTS IN UKRAINE

1.Memorize the following words:

society – суспільство

human – людський

to meet the demands – відповідати вимогам

a higher educational establishment – виший навчальний заклад

to some extend – певною мірою

to foresee – передбачувати

inseparable – невід’ємний

to be engaged in – бути залученим до

contribution – внесок

surface – поверхня

enterprise – підприємство

a term-paper – курсова робота

2. Translate the following international words without a dictionary

Society, a student, human, technology, national, educational, economy, innovation, culture, problem, diploma, certificate, patent, theses, specialist, profession

3. Read and translate the text:

In the age of the scientific and technological revolution the further development of production and the society as a whole depends more and more upon the progress of human knowledge.

The young specialist who graduates from a higher educational establishment must not only be trained to meet the demands of modern production, science, technology and culture, but he must be able to some extent to foresee the prospect of their development. He must be a creative specialist, highly qualified and capable of using the latest methods of scientific research. This explains the fact, that in higher schools in Ukraine science and education have now become inseparable from each other.

Today over a million Ukrainian students are engaged in various forms of scientific work. The practical contribution made by students to the development of the national economy is becoming more significant every year. Nowadays students are co-authors of more than 5,000 inventions for which author's certificates or patents have been issued. For example, some students have worked out the technology for producing a preventive means against the sticking and freezing the moist materials to metallic surfaces.

Scientific work is developing a spirit of independence in the students, is helping them understand the requirements of industrial enterprises, design different instruments and devices, write term-papers and diploma theses and, most important, see the results of their labour being introduced into production.