5. Put the verbs given in brackets in Perfect Continuous (Present, Past, Future).

1. Yablochkov solved a problem at which many inventors (to work) for years.

2. The scientists (to discuss) this important problem for three years.

3. They (to make) this experiment for two hours when he came.

4. This inventor (to work) at this discovery for two years.

5. The scientists (to observe) Mars for a long time.

6. This poet (to write) his famous novel for five years.

7. By the 1st of June this student (to study) here for four years.

8. How long you (to study) here?

6. Change the following into the Past and Future Perfect Continuous. Translate these sentences

1. She has been teaching French at our University since 2001.

2. The students have been translating this article for two hours.

3. They have been reading this newspaper since five o’clock.

4. The detective has been investigating this case for a month.

5. This student has been preparing his report for two weeks.

6. Great scientists have been working on this achievement for many years.

7. This girl has been playing piano since the childhood.

8. Chemists have been studying the atmosphere for many years.

7. Point out the verbs in Perfect Continuous group in every line:

1. a) selling b) is selling c) have been selling;

2. a) shines b) was shining c) has been shining;

3. a) placing b) are placing c) will have been placing;

4. a) are fought b) is being fought c) has been fighting;

5. a) has been singing b)sung c) sang;

6. a) solved b)are solving c)have been solving;

7. a) helps b) has helped c) had been helping;

8. a) wrote b)has been writing c) is writing;

8. Speak about pioneers in Russian electrical engineering. Unit20. Benjamin franklin

1. Memorize the following words:

accomplish­ment –гідність, чеснота

to appeal – приваблювати, вабити

to invent – винаходити, вигадувати

heat – тепло, жар, спека

fuel – пальне

bifocal – двофокусний

harmonica – гармошка

fame – слава, популярність озброєння, арматура

armature – озброєння, тех. арматура

charge – заряд

to render –відтворювати, зображати

negotiations – переговори

to surrender – капітулювати, уступити

2. Translate the following international words without a dictionary

Journalist, experiment, musical, battery, armature, con­dense, instrument, physical, plus, minus, positive, negative, origin, med­icine, natural history, political economy, democratic, constitution, federal, idea

3. Read and translate the text:

Benjamin Franklin lived a long life. He was journalist and inven­tor, scientist and statesman, poli­tician and writer. His accomplish­ments, his talents and interests have caused him to be called both "the first American" and "the last universal man".

Benjamin was one of 17 chil­dren in the family. As a young child, he worked in the shop of his father, a candle maker, but this work did not appeal to the boy who loved to read and study. Therefore, when he was 12, Benjamin was sent to assist his half-brother James who had a printing shop. There, surrounded by books, young Ben would often stay up late into the night read­ing on a wide range of subjects.

Benjamin liked to make things with his own hands. He made a lot of experiments and invented an open stove, which gave more heat and wasted less fuel than, a fireplace. He also made the first pair of bifocal glasses and invented a musical instrument called the glass harmonica and the stepladder chair.

Franklin is especially famous for his contributions in the field of electricity. He proved that the electric charge can be taken from a passing cloud and conducted harmlessly to earth. Thus a rod placed above the highest part of a building or a ship and reaching the ground protects them from lightning. The lightning rod was Franklin's greatest discovery. This invention and his studies of electricity brought Franklin universal fame. He turned the subject of electricity into a science. His theory was expressed in simple physical, terms and showed the usefulness of electric­ity in many ways. The commonest terms used in electricity to­day are Franklin's words: battery, brush, armature; charge; con­dense, conductor, plus, minus, positive, negative.

Franklin studied heat conductors, the origin of storms, med­icine, natural history, political economy and mathematics. He spoke several languages.

Franklin was known and respected all over the world as a citizen. He had broad, generous and progressive political ideas. He defended American Negroes. He said that slavery was a crime from the moral point of view and proved that it was against the interests of the United States of America. He worked much for the cause of independence and helped Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence. Later he rendered great as­sistance in making up a constitution for a democratic federal government.

Franklin was a talented diplomat. At the age of 77 he made negotiations on the peace treaty with England after the British had surrendered. In 1783 the treaty was signed.