2. Translate the following international words without a dictionary

Electrical, engineering, inventor, design, problem, career, experiment, molybdenum, technical, transformer, induction, technology, system, theoretical, specialist, process, information, structure

3. Read and translate the text:

The second half of the 19th century was a period of rapid growth of electrical engineering. Among those who have founded this branch of knowledge and contributed to its further development are P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin – two great Russian scientists and inventors.

When a young man, P.N. Yablochkov gave up a brilliant military career, he decided to devote his life to research and invention in the field of electrical engineering. In the early seventies of the last century electricity only began to find practical application, first attempts to use it for lighting purposes being made at the same time.

Yablochkov solved a problem at which many inventors had been working for years – he invented the electric candle which became known all over the world under the name of "Russian light"

While working at his invention he used an induction coil of a special design – the forerunner of the modern transformer. At the time when the direct current was in universal use, he realized the advantages of the alternating current. Thus, it is with Yablochkov that the history of the alternating current transformer and of its practical application begins.

Although a great technical achievement for its time, the electric candle had to give way for a much more efficient source of light – the incandescent filament lamp.

The idea of this lamp belongs to A.N. Lodygin. When working at the design of a flying machine, he had to think of a source of light that would be suitable for this machine. The idea of an incandescent filament lamp having come to him, he took the greatest interest in the problem, devoting to it the rest of his life and activity.

At first Lodygin made a carbon filament but he soon discovered its disadvantage, the filament evaporated when heated, a black deposit covering the walls of the glass bulb. He carried out a series of experiments resulting in the invention of the molybdenum and tungsten filament lamps that gave rise to a real advance in the field of electric lighting. The modern tungsten filament lamp in its present form is the result of the efforts of many inventors, but it is to Lodygin that it owes the principal feature of its design the tungsten filament placed in an evacuated glass bulb and heated by electric current.

4. Answer the questions on the text:

1. When was a rapid growth of electrical engineering?

2. Who was the founder of electrical engineering?

3. Who was P.N. Yablochkov? What is he famous for?

4. P.N. Yablochkov had a brilliant military career, didn’t he?

5. Who invented the electric candle which became known all over the world under the name of "Russian light"?

6. What did Lodygin devote the rest of his life and activity to?

7. Who invented more efficient source of light – the incandescent filament lamp?

8. What do you know about modern tungsten filament lamp?