Present Perfect

Present Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to have в теперішньому часі (have, has) і третьої форми смислового дієслова. У питальному реченні допоміжне дієслово ставиться перед підметом. У заперечному реченні після допоміжного дієслова ставиться заперечення not.

Форми дієслова в Present Perfect

Число	Стверджувальна форма	Питальна форма	Заперечна форма
Одн.	I (you) have asked. Не (she, it) has asked.	Have I (you) asked? Has he (she, it) asked?	I (you) have not asked. He (she, it) has not asked.
Мн.	We (you, they) have asked.	Have we (you, they) asked?	We (you, they) have not asked.

Exercise 1 Складіть речення

I	have	(not)	won the match,
He	has		become an engineer.
She			left for USA.
We			cooked breakfast.
You			lost that paper.
They			built a bridge.

Have	1	seen this film?
Has	he	turned off the gas?
	she	guessed the riddle?
	we	lost the game?
	you	bought that coat?
	they	invited them to the evening party?

I	have		crossed the street at that place.
He	has		met them in the park.
She		never	Been to Kiev.
We		already	shown them our picture gallery.
You		just	visited the exhibition.
They		not yet	Gone to the Crimea.

I He She We You They

have has

(not)

seen him been to a concert finished it visited that museum read that article

today. this week. this month. this year. lately.

I He She We You They

have has

known this doctor not seen her lived in this village worked at school been here studied English.

for five years. these two years. since 1998. since the war was over. ever since.

Exercise 2 Поставте питання та заперечення до наступних речень

1. Mary has switched on the light. 2. My relatives have received the parcel. 3. Our grandfather has travelled much. 4. The boy has passed all his exams. 5. The little girl has broken the cup. 6. The director has signed the order. 7. They have seen "Swan Lake" at the Boishoi Theatre.

8. You have paid for the stamps. 9. The pupils have solved the problem. 10. Robert has come back.

Exercise 3 Використайте стверджувальну Present Perfect замість заперечної форми Present Continuous.

Example: I am not reading the book.— I have read the book.

1. The teacher is not explaining the rule. 2. Mother is not cooking dinner. 3. I am not doing my homework. 4. The boy is not washing his hands. 5. We are not having break­fast. 6. Tom is not painting the fence. 7. I am not cleaning my teeth. 8. The girl is not learning the poem. 9. I am not mending my socks. 10. The children are not drinking milk.

Exercise 4 Доповніть речення згідно прикладу

Example: I am not going to do this exercise.— I am not going to do this exercise because I have done it already.

1. I am not going to read this story. 2. I am not going to see this film. 3. We are not going to discuss this book.4. He is not going to have dinner. 5. They are not going to repair the road. 6. I am not going to buy a TV set. 7. She is not going to wash the dishes. 8. I am not going to answer this letter. 9. I am not going to turn off the tape recorder. 10. We are not going to learn this poem by heart.

Exercise 5 Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. Have you ever been to Kyiv? When were you there last? 2. Have you read anything by Shevchenko? Which of his poems did you read last year? 3. Have you ever travelled by air? When did you fly for the first time? 4. Have you had any dictations this month? When did you have them? 5. How many trees have you planted this year? Did you plant them in autumn or in spring? 6. Have you had your dinner already? At what time did you have it?

Exercise 6 Замініть інфінітив у дужках на Present Perfect або Past Indefinite.

1. The children (to do) their homework. Now they can go to the skating-rink. 2. You ever (to be) in Warsaw? — Yes, I (to be) there last year. 3. I already (to send) the telegram. 4. I (to send) the telegram yesterday. 5. I (not to see) him in January. 6. I (not to see) him since January. 7. We (not to receive) any letters from her lately. 8. They (to go) to the camp three days ago. 9. I just (to see) him. 10. I (to see) him in 2001. 1І. You (to have breakfast) already? 12. When you (to have breakfast) 13. When you (to arrive) in Kiev? 14. He (to fall asleep) at half past seven. 15. I (to know) this engineer since I began to work at the plant. 16. At last I (to write) the composition; now I'll go for a walk.

Exercise 7 Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Я залишив свій зошит вдома. 2. Де Петро? — Вій ще не прийшов. 3. Що ти робиш? — Читаю англійське оповідання. Скільки сторінок ти вже прочитав? — Я прочитав уже сім сторінок. 4. Скільки нових слів ви вивчили в цьому місяці? 5. Я не можу їхати з тобою. Я ще не склав екзамену з англійської. 6. Ми щойно прочитали телеграму. 7. Ми одержали телеграму вчора. 8. Я знаю цього чоловіка з 1999. 9. Чому в тій кімнаті темно? — Я вимкнув світло. 10. Ми не бачили його вже три роки. 11. У мене нема ручки, я її загубив.— Коли ти загубив її? 12. Де учні? — Вони в саду. Вони там уже дві години. Що вони роблять? — Садять дерева. 13. Минулого року ми їздили до Варшави на виставку. З того часу я не був у Варшаві. 14. Нарешті ми закінчили роботу. Тепер ми можемо відпочити.

Exercise 8 Виберіть правильну відповідь.

1. … the manager …?

a. Has … come b. Have … come c. Has … came

2. I have known him … many years.

a. for b. since c. ago

3. We … Tom for ages.

a. has not seen b. haven’t saw c. haven’t seen

4. Have a sandwich. Thanks, but I … … .

a. have eaten already b. have already eated c. has eaten already

5. Paul isn’t here. He … to school .

a. just has gone b. have gone just c. has just gone