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7.5 Reading and Speaking. Work in groups

a) Group A. Discuss the advantages of employing university and college students with as full-time customs-officers.

b) Group B. Discuss the disadvantages of employing university and college students with no experience at all as full-time customs-officers.

7.6 Translation. Render the following text into English

По причине попытки терракта, когда злоумышленник (criminal) пронес пластиковую взрывчатку (explosive) на борт самолета в кроссовках и пытался ее привести в действие, в аэропортах Европы и Америки отныне производится выборочная (selective) проверка обуви при личном досмотре (personalexamination). Она также будет просвечена рентгеном (tox-ray) и обнюхана (tosniff) собаками.

Unit 8 Customs Procedures and Regulations Development

8.1.1 Practice the reading of the following words and guess their meaning:

responsible identify guideline intergovernmental circulation amendment traffic seize adoption application ensure attain uniformity antiquity competence draft

8.1.2 Check up the meaning of the following verbs:

prepare propose secure establish recommend Interprete address emphasize

8.1.3 Read the following words and their translation:

secure– обеспечить

attain– достигать

draft– черновик, проект

amendment– поправка

interpretation– толкование

application– практическое применение

intergovernmental– межправительственный

asregards– что касается

fraud– мошенничество

theft– кража

illicit– незаконный

mutual – двусторонний, обоюдный

combat – бороться

8.2 Read the text and translate it using the dictionary

Text A World Customs Organization

Customs officers are responsible for ensuring that imported and exported goods are properly identified, and seized if stolen or smuggled. The functions and legal powers of customs agencies vary from country to country. In 1950 the Customs Cooperation Council (now the World Customs Organization, or WCO) was established to secure "the highest degree of harmony and uniformity in customs systems."

The functions of the WCO include: 1) proposing practical means of attaining this goal; preparing draft conventions and amendments to conventions and recommending their adoption by interested governments; 2) making recommendations to ensure the uniform interpretation and application of conventions; 3) ensuring the circulation of information regarding customs regulations and procedures;

4) providing information or advice on customs matters to interested governments; 5) cooperating with other intergovernmental organizations as regards matters within its competence.

The illicit traffic in cultural objects was one of the issues addressed by the Nairobi Convention of 1977 on Mutual Administrative Assistance for the Prevention, Investigation, and Repression of Customs Offences. The growth in cases of smuggling, fraud and theft involving works of art and antiquities invited members of the organization "to develop mutual administrative assistance in combating smuggling and other fraud involving works of art and antiquities," and emphasized the importance of "cooperation with the International Criminal Police organization (INTERPOL) and with the other authorities and organizationsconcerned."

The State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation also welcomed the initiative, and saw it as important for preventing the illegal import and export of cultural objects. The development of international guidelines, which will deal with the protection of cultural heritage of each nation, will improve the quality of cooperation among Customs Administrations in the field of combating illegal cross-border trade with these cultural objects. (1700 symbols)