19712

Серия «Высшее образование»

Е.Ю. Першина

Английский язык

для авиастроителей

Допущено Учебно-методическим объединением высших учебных заведений Российской Федерации по образованию в области авиации, ракетостроения и космоса в качестве учебного пособия для студентов высших учебных заведений РФ, обучающихся

по направлениям подготовки высшего профессионального образования 160100.65 «Самолето- и вертолетостроение» и 16010.62 «Авиастроение»

Ростов-на-Дону

еникс

2012

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ÓÄÊ 811.111:629.7(075.8) ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-93 ÊÒÊ 8032

Ï27

Першина Е.Ю.

П27 Английский язык для авиастроителей : учеб. пособие / Е. Ю. Першина. — Ростов н/Д : Феникс, 2012. — 360, [3] с. : ил. — (Высшее образование).

ISBN 978-5-222-19712-7

Учебное пособие предназначено для обучающихся в высших учебных заведения по основной образовательной программе бакалавров по направлению подготовки 160100.62 «Авиастроение» и основной образовательной программе специалистов по направлению подготовки 160100.65 «Самолето- и вертолетостроение». Основной целью пособия является обучение чтению и пониманию профессионально-ориен- тированных текстов, а также развитие умений и навыков разговорной речи. Учебное пособие рассчитано на 216 часов аудиторной работы. Данное учебное пособие может быть использовано также для самоподготовки инженерами и техниками с различной степенью языковой подготовки.

©Першина Е.Ю., текст, 2012

©ООО «Феникс»: оформление, 2012

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Содержание

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Unit 1

HISTORY OF AVIATION

Ex. 1. Read and learn the words and word combinations from the Active Vocabulary. Memorize their meanings.

heavier-than-aircraft — аппарат тяжелее воздуха terrestrial space — околоземное воздушное пространство

flying — самолетовождение

controlled and powered flight — пилотируемый полет с работающим двигателем

engine — двигатель

to stay aloft — сходиться в воздухе

12 hp. biplane — биплан с двигателем мощностью

12 ë.ñ.

metal aircraft — цельнометаллический самолет supersonic aircraft — сверхзвуковой самолет vehicle — транспортное средство; летательный аппарат (ЛА)

Ex. 2. Read and render the text “HISTORY OF AVIATION”. Pay attention to the notes to the text.

HISTORY OF AVIATION

‘Aviation’ is a word of Latin origin1, i.e. ‘avis’ means ‘a bird’. Aviation is the theory, and practice of flights in

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heavier-than-aircraft in the terrestrial space and this term is also used for the service using those vehicles for flights. The basis of the development of aviation technical means is a number of the scientific disciplines, for example, Aerodynamics, Theory of Engines and the application basis is Plying, Tactics of the Air Forces and others. The first plane was built in Russia in 1883 by A. Mozhaisky. In fact, the development of aviation started at the beginning of the 20th century.

On December 17, 1903 Orville Wright, an American bicycle repair-man2 and inventor, made his first controlled and powered flight when he took-off from Kill Devil Hill3, North Carolina, in a 12 hp. biplane which he and his elder brother Wilbur had designed and built. The plane reached a height of 10 ft4 and stayed a loft for 12 seconds. It flew at 27 miles an hour against a strong wind and covered a distance of 120 ft.

Later the construction of the airplanes started in Europe, mainly, in France. In Russia the airplanes designed by D. Grigorovich, I. Sikorsky and other inventors were built in 1909–1914. Since the mid.5 of 20-s duraluminium had been used in the aircraft manufacture and the first metal aircraft was designed and built by A. Tupolev in 1924–1925. By the mid. of 30-s there had been a final conversion from biplane to monoplane. The jet engine was built at the end of 30-s and later the jet aircraft began the commercial flights and the supersonic aircraft were designed, built and put into operation.

Notes to the text:

1)origin — происхождение;

2)bicycle repair-man — мастер по ремонту велосипедов;

3)Kill Devil Hill — холм под названием «Черт голову сломает»;

4)ft. — foot (feet) — ôóò (ôóòû) — ôóò = 30,48 ñì;

5)mid. = middle — середина.

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Ex. 3. Now you know the content of the text “HISTORY OF AVIATION”. Try to answer the questions, using the colloquial phrases:

1.Does this text give basic information on the history of aviation?

2.Much attention is paid to the development of aviation in our country, isn’t it?

3.What does the term ‘aviation’ mean?

4.Have you got any information on the first plane built in Russia?

5.Do you know anything about the first controlled and powered flight?

Ex. 4. Ask your friend to respond to the following questions, expressing some doubt. Use the models:

Model 1: — Is ‘aviation’ a word of Latin or Greek origin?

—I believe (think), it’s of Latin origin. Model 2: — I don’t believe (think), ‘aviation’ is a word of

Greek origin.

—I believe (think) it’s of Latin origin.

1.The first successful flight was made by Americans or Russians.

2.The first plane was built in Russia in 1883 or 1885.

3.The jet engine was built at the end of 30-s or 40-s.

4.The development of aviation started at the beginning of 20th or 19th century.

5.The plane reached a height of 10 ft or 20 ft.

Ex. 5. Decide whether the following statements are true to the fact or not. Use the models:

Model 1: — This text is about the history of aviation.

— I think this statement is true to the fact.

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Model 2: — The word ‘aviation’ is of Greek origin.

— I’m afraid this statement isn’t true to the fact. As far as I know, the word ‘aviation’ is of Latin origin.

1.On December 17, 1903 O. Wright made the first controlled and powered flight.

2.In 1909–1914 the airplanes were built in Russia.

3.At the beginning of 40-s there was a final conversion from biplane to monoplane.

4.Brother Wrights designed and built a 13 ft. biplane.

5.The first metal aircraft was designed by Tupolev in 1924.

Ex. 6. Tell about the history of aviation. Leave out some facts deliberately for your friends to add to your story. Use the colloquial phrases.

I think / believe. — Я думаю.

As far as I know. — Насколько я знаю.

As far as I get it (understand). — Насколько я понимаю. If I get it right. — Если я правильно понимаю.

Ex. 7. Self-training tasks.

7.1. Выучите следующие слова: to develop — развивать equipment — оборудование research — исследование

aircraft — летательный аппарат, самолет to improve — улучшать

production — производство to increase — увеличивать designer — конструктор flight — полет

fighter — истребитель civil — гражданский

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to create — создавать to receive — получать force — сила

7.2. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием текста.

DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN AVIATION

1.Russian aviation has its beginnings in the beginning of 20th century. From the tsarist Russia our country inherited only a few hundred decrepit aeroplanes, mostly of foreign makes. There were also a few aircraft factories and repair shops with primitive equipment. Everything had to be started anew.

2.In the summer of 1918 Professor Nikolai Zhukovsky and his disciples at the aerodynamic laboratory of the Moscow Technical College asked for help in organizing an institution of aviation research, the idea was supported warmly. December of that same year saw the founding of the Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute, now the biggest institution of its kind in the world.

3.Professor Zhukovsky brought in many eminent scientists and engineers to work at the Institute. In pursuance of government assignments, the Institute verified aircraft calculations, conducted aerodynamic research, designed airscrews and did some building. The practical task facing the staff was that of providing the country with modern aircraft as soon as possible. In their experiments they sought for new building materials and tested various metals. After Zhukovsky’s death, the Russian school of aircraft construction was headed by S.A. Chaplygin, an outstanding engineer and theorist. He too attached great importance to experiments. Chaplygin’s name is associated with, the birth of highly mechanized wings involving fore flaps, inner flaps, brake flaps, etc., which are now used in aircraft all over the world. Many scientists

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who have achieved eminence began their research work at the Institute, among them Vetchinkin, Yuryev, Keldysh, Tupolev, Khristianovich, Lavrentyev, Sedov, Leibenzon and Nekrasov.

4.Actually, it was in 1923–1925 that the Russian aircraft industry began to develop as a branch of the national economy. The difficulties were formidable, certainly greater than in developing any other branch, since aircraft construction was entirely dependent on the Russian power industry, metallurgy and engineering. In the years of industrialization the aircraft industry was gathering strength. Aircraft factories underwent modernization. Personnel received training and improved their qualifications. Industry started serial production of aircraft. The multi-engined bombers became established in the Air Force, along with fighters of various types and reconnaissance planes.

5.Naturally, there was an increase in the number of design offices and aviation institutes concerned with experimental prototypes. By the early thirties the Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute had become a fine scientific and technical centre. Moreover, two new institutes had detached themselves from it — one concerned with aircraft engines and the other with aircraft materials. The engineers, experimental staff, and theorists of the Central AeroHydrodynamic Institute were coping with important tasks. It was this institute that produced the first Russian aircraft designers — Arkhangelsky, Petlyakov, Sukhoi, Korolyov, Klimov, Shvetsov and Mikulin — men who established the reputation of Russian aviation.

6.The mid-thirties saw a sharp increase in the competition between the aircraft designers of all countries, especially between German, Russian, British, American, Italian and French designers. Everyone realized that a modern war would be a war of motors.

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