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7.When Russia embarked upon its second Five-Year Plan, it already had a well-developed aircraft industry. Russian pilots had planes to fly. What’s more, the midthirties were a period of air triumphs. Never before bad aviation loomed so large in Russia’s life! The flights of Gromov, Chkalov and Vodopyanov, the records set by Kokkinaki aroused countrywide jubilation.

8.In the early phase of the Civil War in Spain in 1936 the 1–15 and 1–16 fighters encountered Messerschmitt for the first time. The Russian planes were not inferior to the German planes in speed; they were slightly inferior in armament, but superior in maneuverability. The Germans were quick to profit by the lessons of the Spanish war. They radically improved the Me-109, fitting it with a more powerful engine and increasing its speed and firepower.

9.We too sought to improve the fighting efficiency of our planes. In a short time, literally a year or two before the Great Patriotic War, we were able to create new, up- to-date models of fighters, bombers and attack planes, and to prepare the ground for their mass production. By the spring of 1940, Air Force units had begun receiving the new Yak-1, MiG-3, LaGG-3, Pe-2, and Il-2 planes. By the end of the year they were in serial production. Still, when the war broke out, there were few of them as yet in the Armed Forces.

10.At present Russian military and civil aviation is making stupendous progresses. The Russian Air Force has today all-weather missile-carrying aircraft capable of flying at speeds exceeding 3,000 kmh and reaching stratospheric altitudes. They are equipped with rockets, bombs and cannon armament, and have perfect radio-electronic equipment.

11.As for civil aviation, in the last few years Russian designers have developed several new types of jet passenger airplanes and helicopters.

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12.Among them is the Il-62 intercontinental liner capable of carrying over 180 passengers, the giant An-22 capable of carrying 730 passengers, the Tu-154, the Yak40 and the latest turbine-powered helicopters by M.L. Mil and N.I. Kamov.

13.The Òu-144 has already exceeded the supersonic speed, being the first supersonic passenger airplane in the world. The time is not far off when hypersonic passenger airplanes will make their appearance. These will be followed by passenger space craft.

7.3.Подготовьте контрольное чтение 9-го абзаца вслух.

7.4.Поставьте данные вопросы в логической последовательности согласно содержанию текста:

1.What was the scientific and technical center of aviation in the early thirties?

2.Who organized the Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute?

3.What planes did our Air Force receive in 1940?

4.What is the first supersonic passenger airplane in the world?

Ex. 8. Do task 1 in Appendix 7.

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Unit 2

HISTORY OF AIR TRANSPORT

Ex. 1. Learn the words from your Active Vocabulary.

to date — датировать to observe — наблюдать

research — исследование to imitate — подражать

through trial and error — методом проб и ошибок glider — планер

to invent — изобретать kite — воздушный змей wing — крыло

gunpowder — черный порох

to power — приводить в движение to fix — устанавливать, прикреплять to distinguish — различать

rotary — вращающийся, вращательный

rotary wing aircraft — винтокрылый аппарат, вертолет

heliplane — конвертоплан

maintenance — поддержание, сохранение to stock — поставлять запасы

to restock — пополнять запасы to fuel — снабжать топливом to load — грузить, нагружать

amount — количество, величина, сумма to incur costs — нести издержки

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access — доступ secure — безопасный tariff — тариф

to guarantee — гарантировать

Ex. 2. Pay attention to the word-formation. Translate all the words. Use the dictionary if necessary.

to fly — flight

to limit — limit — limitation

to invent — inventor — invention to stock — to restock

to control — control — controllable to fuel — to refuel

to move — mover — movement to load — to unload

Ex. 3. Find the antonyms.

Ex. 4. Form the words with the opposite meaning from the given below with the help of the prefixes given in the box (see Appendix 5, Table 13). Translate these words.

un-, im-, dis-, in-, il-

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The passage describes… — Абзац описывает...

The passage includes a description of... —

Абзац включает описание…

The passage supplies data on... —

Абзац дает данные о...

Ex. 15. Role-play: “Do You Know an Aircraft?”

Ведущий называет какую-либо заглавную букву (например, n), соответствующую определенному элементу конструкции самолета, изображенного на рисунке 1 (Fig. 1). Студент, первым правильно назвавший соответствующие этому элементу конструкции английский и русский термины (например, m — 1), получает один балл. В качестве одного из вариантов игры ведущий может назвать английский термин (например, m), тогда студенты называют соответствующий этому термину элемент конструкции (n) и его русское название (1). Победителем игры является студент, набравший максимальное число баллов.

Fig. 1

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