Контрольное задание №3

Для правильного выполнения задания №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:

Грамматические функции и значения слов that, one, it.

Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видо-временных форм Indefinite, Continious, Perfect.

Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.

Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции: а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (к упр.I)

Present Perfect Passive

The main question has already been

discussed.

Главный вопрос уже обсудили.

Present Indefinite Passive

His scientific work is much spoken

аbout.

О его научной работе много говорят

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (к упр. II)

1. It is necessary to use the latest means of control in industry.

2. One should agree that that experiment was of great importance for our research.

3. It is hydrogen that will be the main source of energy in the car of the future

Необходимо использовать в промышленности новейшие средства контроля.

Следует согласиться, что тот эксперимент имел большое значение для нашего исследования.

Именно водород будет основным источником энергии в автомобиле будущего.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 3 (к упр. IV)

1. What is the name of the book you are reading?

Как называется книга, которую ты читаешь?

2. The region we must explore possesses great natural wealth

Район, который мы должны исследовать, обладает огромными природными ресурсами.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Предложения переведите.

1.When the street had been widened it could be used for bus and tram traffic.

2.This offer will be carefully considered by the commission.

3.A new research is being carried out successfully.

4.He is listened to with great pleasure.

II. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. Не thinks that the telegram will be sent tomorrow.

2. One should always keep саге of him.

3. It is known that children of Sparta were given a military education.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. You have to study much if you want to pass the examination well.

2. He does not know English well.

3. The boy had to tell his parents everything.

4. They were to meet at the railway station.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. Не is interested in all marvels our age brings us.

2. We know electricity produces heat.

V. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. His task was to complete the work in time.

2. He was the first to come.

3. He likes to read English books.

4. To know English well you must work hard.

VI. Переведите письменно следующий текст

ENGINES

Radial engine

1. Most gas turbine engines are axial: the compressed air in them moves in a linear direction. In a radial turbine engine, the air moves peripherally as in a centrifuge. Although the axial turbine, are used where large amounts of power are required, R. J. Mowill, Norway, says radial engines could be used at the lower end of the high-power spectrum.

2. His сompany has developed a 1,600-horsepower radial engine for ships. Reliability and low maintenance costs combined with smallness of size are advantages that make the engine competitive, he says. А key factor in making it more attractive is that the firm, has been able to increase the engine's compression ratio.

3. All of the components in the engine are designed in order to cut down maintenance Problems. Sliding bearings are used, for example, to reduce friction and to соре with gyroscopic forces in heavy seas.

Ceramic turbine engine

4. The gas turbine has been considered a challenger to the internal combustion engine in cars. Auto engineers say that one way to make it competitive is to make it out of ceramics, which would permit higher turbine operating temperatures and therefore greater efficiency and fuel savings. Such a turbine would also be cheaper.

5. Arthur F. McLean of the Ford Motor Co. sees Silicon carbide and Silicon nitride as prime candidates. Although these dense, low-cost materials show great heat and corrosion resistance, one drawback is that they can be brittle. This problem can be overcome, says McLean, by unique design to support ceramic components with metal housing.

Слова и пояснения к тексту.

bearing – подшипник

challenger – посылающий вызов; оспаривающий что-либо

housing – корпус, кожух

VI. Прочитайте еще раз последний абзац текста и ответьте на следующий вопрос: What is the drawback of the ceramic turbine engine?

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Предложения переведите.

1. Не told mе that he had never been to doctors.

2. The Houses of Parliament are situated in Westminster.

3. These new materials will be used during this unique operation.

4. Before the experience the substances are mixed in a large cup.

II. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is the gravitation that makes the satellites move round the Earth.

2. It is important for an engineer to know a foreign language.

3. One never knows what he can do.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. We had to walk home because the last bus had gone.

2. She has a good map of London.

3. Specialists do not use solar cells in industry as they arе too expensive.

4. You are to write your name at the top of the paper.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The news you told us about are very important.

2. The flowers you grow are very beautiful.

V. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива

1. They went there to help you.

2. He was the last to leave the room.

3. To know a foreign language well you must learn many words.

4. The child wanted to be taken seriously.

VI. Переведите письменно следующий текст

TECHNICAL DESIGN OF THE MOTOCAR

1. There are numerous types of motorcars. It is impossible to describe their particular construction in detail. But the Classification into groups with respect to their general construction may be undertaken. These are motorcars with carburetor engines and motorcars with diesel engines.

2. Every motorcar has the following components: engine, power train, chassis and body.

Engine

3. The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. In general, internal combustion engines are used operating with some fuel (petrol, benzol, diesel oil). Depending on their combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburetor engines and diesel engines,

4. Sometimes, the carburetor engines are called light-oil engines and the diesel engines are called heavy-oil engines. Another difference results from the working method of the internal-combustion engine. A difference is made between four-stroke cycle engines and two-stroke cycle engines.

5. The engine is assembled of various cast pieces: its foundation and main stationary body is formed by the cylinder block with the top portion of the crankcase to which the cylinder heads and the bottom portion of the crankcase are bolted. The crankcase with its main bearings houses the crank-drive assembly, comprising the pistons, the wrist-pins, the connecting rods and the crank-shaft. Besides, the valves, valve-operating mechanism with camshaft, control gears and valve tappets, ignition system, carburetor, water pump, fan, fuel feed pump and oil pump are parts of the engine.

6. Arrangement and number of cylinders in the engine are decisive for its external shape. There are motorcar engines with two, three, four, six. eight, twelve and more cylinders arranged in various forms to each other. In most cases they are arranged in one block (cylinder block).

Слова и пояснения к тексту

crankcase – картер коленчатого вала

wrist-pin – цапфа

connecting rod – шатун

crankshaft – коленчатый вал

camshaft– распределительный вал

valve tappet– толкатель клапана, кулачок

VI. Прочитайте первый абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: What is the classification of motorcars into groups?

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3

ВАРИАНТ 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Предложения переведите.

1. Не has been shown her photo.

2. The construction of the road was being completed when the commission arrived.

3. The papers have been sent this week.

4. This Instrument is preferred to all others because of its reliability.

II. Переведете на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It were Marconi and Popov who invented the radio.

2. One may work in this laboratory only observing certain rules.

3. The territory of Perm is larger than that of Saint-Petersburg.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. This plant does not produce trucks.

2. Our laboratory is to test the new apparatus.

3. We shall have five exams this term.

4. You will have to work at this problem for days and weeks if von want to get better results.

IV.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The house he lives in is situated on the bank of the river.

2. I know he is quite right.

V.Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива

1. We are glad to take part in your expedition.

2. Our task is to introduce this new method of work at the factory.

3. The article to be published next month is very important for our understanding of this phenomenon.

4. To move along their orbit sputniks do not need any additional energy.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите с 1-го по 6-й абзацы текста

FORTY-YEAR ICE AGE

1. Danish scientists have discovered that the earth's climate regularly swings between warn and cold periods and that this "climatic clock" is almost entirely driven by changes in the sum.

2. They confidently say that there exist cold periods that last for 40 years. Remember, for example, the "little ice ages" of the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the Thames often froze over in winter. We were experiencing such a period in the second half of the twentieth Century. Now the climate is slowly thawing out and by 2010 temperatures will be back to about the level of the 1960s.

3. After that there will be another plunge into a cold age. No one now living is likely to experience a return to the warm summers and winters typical of the first half of this century, when the climate was in one of its warm periods.

4. Climatologists have made similar forecasts before, but the Danish prediction is more remarkable. It is based on a detailed and unbroken record of the past climate spanning probably 100,000 years. This is а 4,700 ft rod of ice dug up from the entire thickness of the North Greenland ice sheet by United States Army engineers.

5. Concentrations of oxygen isotopes at different depths in the ice are a key to the temperature at the time when the ice was laid down as snow. The scientists discovered that there exists a fairly regular series of cold and warm swings. They also found that the main factors producing die swings are four slow rhythms in the sun's activity.

6. Two of them are very slow changes, taking 2,400 and 400 years to complete one oscillation. No one knows what causes them. The other two are faster, taking only 181 and 78 years, and are probably tied up with variations in the length of the sunspot cycle, which is normally 11 years.

7. As these rhythms wax and wane on the sun, they alter the power of the sun's heat and light and so produce the complex ups and downs of the earth's slow climatic variations.

8. Events on earth - especially the screens of dust thrown up by major volcanic eruptions - can distort the regular tickings of the climatic clock. But the Danish analysis has shown that they do so only very slightly.

9.The Danish prediction of a cold period deliberately ignores any effects that man may make on the climate by polluting the atmosphere with dust or carbon dioxide, because man's impact on the climate is insignificant compared with the gigantic powers of the atmosphere and sun.

Слова и пояснения к тексту

thaw out – оттаивать, согреваться; становиться теплее

plunge - ныряние, погружение

unbroken record – непобитый рекорд; здесь – беспрецедентная (-ый) запись,отчет

spanning – промежуток времени

ft(foot) – фут;

feet – футы,

ice rod– столбик (проба) 1льда

North Greenland - Северная Гренландия

sheet – пространство; простыня; ice sheet - ледяной щит

chart – схема, таблица, диаграмма

swing – качание, колебание; сдвиг

sunspot cycle – цикл изменения солнечных пятен

oscillation – колебание, качание

wax – прибывать(увеличиваться)

wane – убывать, уменьшаться

ups and downs – спады и подъемы

eruption – извержение

ticking – тиканье (часов) :

VI. Прочитайте 7-й, 8-й и 9й абзацы текста и ответьте на вопрос: What causes the earth's climatic variations?