Кулик В.Д. - Силовая электроника. Автономные инверторы, активные преобразователи - 2010

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

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2010

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

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3neKTpYlQeCKYlX MaIIlYlH Yl aaroaarnaaposannoro anexrponpasona CaHKT- Ilerepfiyprcxoro rocyztapcraeanoro ropnoro YlHCTYlTYTa (TeXHYlQeCKOrO yaasepcirrera), nporpeccop A.E. K03~PYK;

.n.OKTOp TeXHYlQeCKYlX nayx, 3aB. xarpeztpoa YlH<popMa~YlOHHO-Yl3MepYlTenhHhlx

TeXHOnOrYlM Yl CYlCTeM ynpaanenns Cauxr-Ilerepoyprcxoro rocynapcrsennoro

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© fOYBI10 CaHKT-I1eTep6yprCKYlM rocyztapcrscnnua TeXHOnOrl1QeCKYlM YHYlBepCYlTeT pacrnrensnsrx nonajaepoa, 2010

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

Baenenae

B y1.Je6HOM nOC06MM M3JIO:>KeHhI npanuanu pa60ThI aBTOHOMHhIX MHBepTOpOB M aKTMBHhIX npe06pa30BaTeJIeH 1.JaCTOThI na nOJIynpOBO)l,HMKOBhIX npnfiopax. Ilpaseneua KJIaCCM<pMKall,M5I aBTOHOMHhIX MHBepTOpOB M HX Ha3Ha1.JeHMe. bOJIhlIIOe BHMMaHMe y)l,eJI5IeTC5I nOCJIe)l,HMM paapafiorxaxr aBTOHOMHhIX MHBepTOpOB C lIIMpOTHo-MMnyJIhCHhIM peryJIMpOBaHMeM Hanp5l:>KeHM5I no CMHyCOM)l,aJIhHOMy aaxony npMMeHMTeJIhHO K anexrponpaaonav nepeaenaoro TOKa. PaCCMOTpeHhI sonpocsi nycxa M TOpMO:>KeHH5I CMCTeM C aCMHxpOHHhIM )l,BMraTeJIeM. B nocofiaa nO)l,p06HO M3JIaralOTC5I npanuansr pa60ThI ozmodiaam.rx M rpextpasnsix aKTMBHhIX npe06pa30BaTeJIeH TOKa M Hanp5l:>KeHH5I, n03BOJI5I1OI.IJ;Me perynaposan, C)l,BHr no epa3e Me:>K)l,y nanpaaceaaev M TOKOM cern, 06eCne1.JMBa51 cosqr- 1. PaccMaTpMBalOTC5I CMCTeMhI anexrponpasozta nepeveanoro TOKa C TaKMMM aaeproctieperaiounoaa npe06pa30BaTeJI5IMH.

B nocofian paccraorpeau TaK:>Ke aenocpeztcrseauue npeofipaaosarena 1.JaCTOThI (HITq) C lIIMpOTHo-HMnyJIhCHhIM cnocofiov peryJIHpOBaHH5I Hanp5l:>KeHM5I. I1cnOJIh30BaHHe B TaKMX npeo6pa30BaTeJI5IX nOJIHOCTblO ynpaBJI5IeMhIX nOJIynpOBO)l,HMKOBhIX KJIlO1.JeH C zmyxcroponaea cMMMeTpM1.JHOH npOBO)l,HMOCThlO n03BOJIMJIO C03)l,aTh HOBhIH TMn npeo6pa30BaTeJI5I, nOJIY1.JMBlIIerO HaHMeHOBaHMe «MaTpH1.JHhIH npeofipaaosarern, 1.JaCTOThI» (Mff-I). ITo cpaanemno C )l,Byx3BeHHhIMM npe06pa30BaTeJI5IMM 1.JaCTOThI C aKTHBHhIM Bhmp5lMMTeJIeM Hanp5l:>KeHM5I MlI'I 60JIee KOMnaKTeH M 3HepreTH1.JeCKM 3epepeKTMBeH.

3

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

r rraaa 1. KJlaCCH(I>HKaQHSI H uamaueuae aBTOHOMHblX HHBepTOpOB

ABTOHOMHble ansepropsr (AM) ycrpoiicraa, npeofipasyrouure nOCTO~HHbIM TOK B neperacaasrii C HeM3MeHHOM MJIM perynapyexroii qaCTOTOM M pafiorarounre na aBToHoMHylO (He CB~3aHHYlO C ceruo nepevennoro TOKa) HarpY3KY. B 3TOM rJIaBHOe OTJIMqMe aBTOHOMHbIX MHBepTopOB OT Be.ll.OMbIX MHBepTopOB, TaK:>Ke rrpeofipasyroumx nOCTO~HHbIM TOK B nepeMeHHbIM, HO pa60TalOllJ,MX na cers nepeveaaoro TOKa. Harpysxoii aBTOHOMHoro naaepropa

MO:>KeT 6bITb e.ll.MHMqHbIM nOTpe6MTeJIb (aCMHxpOHHbIM nsararem., 3JIeKTpMqeCKa~yCTaHOBKa) MJIM pa3BeTBJIeHHa~ cers nOTpe6MTeJIeM (HeCKOJIbKO narpysox, pa60TalOllJ,MX no csoevy rpadnrxy).

ITo qMCJIy cPa3 BbIXO.ll.HOrO aanpaxceaaa AM MoryT BbmOJIH~TbC~ no O.ll.H0cPa3HbIM M rpexdiaaasm cxeaav, a TaK:>Ke, KaK M Bbmp~MMTeJIM, co cpczureii

M MOCTOBOM cxeve.

Hecvorps na fionr.uroe paaaoofipasnc, see cxevsr aasepropoa MoryT 6bITb asinenens: B TpM fionsurae rpyrmsr: aBTOHOMHble nasepropsr aanpaaceaas (AMH), naaepropsr TOKa (AMT) M peaonancasre (APM) [2].

Haaepropsr, rurraromnecs OT MCTOqHMKa nOCTO~HHoro nartpaxenaa M cPOpMMpylOllJ,Me nanpaaceane na aarpysxe, B TO BpeM~ KaK TOK onpenensercs

conpOTMBJIeHMeM HarpY3KM, Ha3bIBalOTC~ MHBepTopaMM nanpxacenaa.

B OTJIMqMe OT AMT M APM nnaepropsr nanpszceans BbmOJIH~lOTC~ na

MHBepTopaMM TOKa. MCTOqHMK nOCTO~HHoro TOKa peanasyerca nyrexr BKJIlOqeHM~ xaryurxn 60JIblllOM MH.ll.YKTMBHOCTM nOCJIe.ll.OBaTeJIbHO C MCTOqHMKOM

nporexaroume B HMX, MMelOT anepaozrauecxafi xapaxrep, B AMT MCnOJIb3YlOT, KaK npaBMJIO, onaoonepaunoansre TMpMCTOpbI. O.ll.HaKO B nocnezraee apevs naxonar ace fionsmee npaxrn-recxoe npnsseneaae AMT na

ztayxonepauaoaasrx rapncropax M rpamacropax.

Peaoaaacaue nnaepropu BbmOJIH~lOTC~ no cxeaav, qTO M ansepropsi

TOKa, HO napawerpsi xarymxn MH.ll.YKTMBHOCTM M KOH.ll.eHCaTOpa BbI6MpalOTc~ B

HMX TaKMMM, -rrofisr 3JIeKTpOMarHMTHble npoueccsr npnofiperann KOJIe6aTeJIbHbIM xapaxrep. Ha pnc.Ll npnaeneaa KJIlOqeBa~ M0.ll.eJIb cxevs: O.ll.HocPa3HOrO MOCTOBoro anaepropa M KpMBbIe narrpsaceaas M TOKOB .ll.J1~ coornercrayrouiero

rnna anaepropoa.

4

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

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PYlc.I.I. Kmoxeaaa MO.IJ.eJIb ansepropa:

a - nanpsacenae aa BbIXO.IJ.e nasepropa uartpsacenas;

6 - BbIXO.IJ.HOH TOK nasepropa TOKa; B - BbIXO.IJ.HOH TOK pesonancnoro naaepropa

PeaKTOp Ld YI KOH.IJ.eHCaTOp C YlCrrOJIb3YlOTC~ B nnaepropax TOKa YI pe30HaHCHblX ansepropax. Pa60Ta YlHBepTOpOB nporexaer CJIe.IJ.YlOI.UYlM 06pa30M. ITpYl 3aMbIKaHYIYI KJIlOqOM KJ, K2 K 3a:>KYlMaM a-6 B anaeprope nanpsacenaa rrpYlKJIa.IJ.bIBaeTC~ rrOJIO:>KYlTeJIbHa~ rrOJIyBOJIHa (MHaH.IJ.p) aanpsareaaa; B naaepropax TOKa nporexaer TOK rrpavoyronsnoa <pOPMbI, a B pe30HaHCHblX - CYlHYCOYl.IJ.aJIbHa~ rrOJIyBOJIHa TOKa, KOTOpbIH YlMeeT rtpepsrsncrsni xapaxrep sa cxer KOJIe6aTeJIbHOrO pe:>KYlMa.

Bo BTOpOM nonynepaone KJIlOqYl KJ, K2 - pa3MbIKalOTC~, a K3, K4 ­ 3aMbIKalOTC~. B pe3YJIbTaTe aanpaanenae TOKa YI nanpaaceaas Yl3MeH~lOTC~ na

ofiparnoe. 113MeH~~ xacrory nepexrnosenaa KJIlOqeH, MO:>KHO Yl3MeH~Tb -racrory BbIXO.IJ.HOrO nanpazcenna YI TOKa YlHBepTopOB.

B peansusrx cxcxrax POJIb KJIlOqeH arpaxrr rrOJIyrrpOBO.IJ.HYlKOBble npnfiopsr. OCHoBHble 06JIaCTYI npavenenaa aBTOHOMHbIX YlHBepTOpOB CJIe.IJ.YIOI.UYle:

1) mrraaae rroTpe6Y1TeJIeH rrepeveanoro TOKa (Aill-I, AI1T) B ycrpoiicrnax, rzte e.IJ.YlHCTBeHHbIM YlCTOqHYlKOM anepraa ~BJI~eTC~ aKKYMYJI~TOpHa~ fiarapes

5

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

(aanpavep, 60pTOBble BTOpWIHble I1CTOtIHI1KI1 rrI1TaHI1~, a TaK:>Ke peaepsnoe

nnraaae OTBeTCTBeHHbIX rroTpe611TeJIeH npa B03MO:>KHOM OTKJIJOLIeHl111 CeTI1 nepevennoro TOKa (3JIeKTpOCB~3b, BbILII1CJII1TeJIbHa~ TeXHI1Ka);

3JIeKTp0.llBl1raTeJIeH :>KeJIaTeJIbHO I1MeTb rrpocrue, aanesorsre 11 zreureaue

KOpoTKo3aMKHyTble aCI1HXpOHHble .llBl1raTeJII1;

3)3JIeKTpOrrpl1BO.ll C aCI1HXpOHHbIMI1 11 CI1HXPOHHbIMI1 .llBl1raTeJI~MI1

(AI1H, AI1T), rne I1HBepTop CJIy:>KI1T I1CTOtIHI1KOM perYJIl1pOBaHI1~ nanpazcenaa

11tIaCTOTbI;

4)rrpe06pa30BaTeJII1 rrOCTO~HHoro aanpsacenaa O.llHOH BeJIWII1HbI B rrOCTO~HHoe nanpazcenae ztpyroii BeJIl1tIl1HbI (AHH, AI1T, AI1P);

5)ycrpoiicraa .llJI~ rrOJIytIeHI1~ nepexrennoro TOKa (AHH, AI1T, AI1P)

Heo6xo.lll1MOH LIaCTOTbI OT I1CTOLIHI1KOB npasroro npcotipasosaaas 3Heprl111 (repvo11 cP0T03JIeKTpW-IeCKl1e reneparopsr, TOrrJII1BHble 3JIeMeHTbI,

MlIl-reaeparopu), asrpafiarusarounre 3Heprl1JO na rrOCTO~HHOMTOKe;

6) 3JIeKTpOTepMI1~ (AI1T, AI1P) .llJI~ rrOJIYLIeHI1~ nepeaennoro TOKa nossnueaaoii tIaCTOTbI (nnasxa MeTaJIJIa, narpes 11 3aKaJIKa 113.lleJII1H).

B OT.lleJIbHbIX cny-rasx K aBTOHOMHbIM I1HBepTopaM npensasnarorcs Tpe6oBaHI1~ B OTHOWeHl111 He TOJIbKO rrp~MOH nepezta-m 3Heprl111 OT I1CTOLIHI1Ka rrl1TaHI1~ B narpysxy, HO 11 06paTHOH nepena-ra 3Heprl111 OT HarpY3KI1 B I1CTOtIHI1K nI1TaHI1~, tITO, B tIaCTHOCTI1, neofixoztavo .llJI~ peaJII13aUl111 pexyneparaanoro TOpMO:>KeHI151 aCI1HXpOHHbIX zrsarareneii.

PaCCMOTpl1M npanuan pa60TbI 11 OCHOBHble xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 aBTOHOMHbIX I1HBepTopOB.

r rraaa 2. Haeepropsi HanpHlKeHHH

2.1. OAHo<pa3HbIH MOCTOBOH I1HBepTop Ha .llByxonepaUl1oHHbIX Tl1pl1CTOpaX

Ha pl1c.2.1 npaseztena MOCTOBa~ cxeva na nsyxonepanaounstx rnpncropax. Ee pafiora nporexaer cJIe.llYJOml1M o6pa30M.

B npovezcynce BpeMeHI1 0-1t nposonar TOK Tl1pl1CTOpbI T 1,T2 no nerra

(+E)-Tl-a-6-T2-(-E).ITpl1 -9 =7r ero 3HatIeHI1e .llOCTl1rHeT i=l.

B 3TOT MOMeHT BpeMeHI1 Tl1pl1CTOpbI Tl,T2 aanapaior 11 nonaror cncpsrsaroume I1MrrYJIbCbI na T3, T4. Ho I1X OTKpbIBaHl1e He npomoriner rro CJIe.llYJOmeH npa-rane. ITOCKOJIbKY B I1H.llYKTI1BHOM 3JIeMeHTe L B MOMeHT

rrOJI}lpHOCTb 6e3 cxofiox. B pe3YJIbTaTe TOK HarpY3KI1 nore-rer rro uena (+eeJ-R-6­ BCTpetIHO I1CTOtIHI1KY nl1TaHI1~ nanenae

6

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

Harrp~DKeHJUI na zuroztax D3,D4, pasnoe /').U = 1-;- 1,5 B, 6YLl,eT npanoaceao B

sanaparomev nanpasnemm no OTHoweHliIO K rnpncropav T3, T4. n03TOMY OHH He OTKPOIOTC~, XOT~ na nnx nortan orrmparoumii HMnyJlbC nanpaaceans. Taxoe

COCTO~Hlie coxpamrrcs Ll,0 MOMeHTa a =0" xorrta anaueane TOKa i CTaHeT paBHbIM HyJlIO. B 3TOT MOMeHT sneprna WL =Ll/2 rrOJlHOCTbIO BbILI,eJlliTC~

LIaCTliLIHO B aKTHBHOM corrpOTHBJleHlili R li LIaCTHLIHO B03BpaTHTc~ liCTOLIHliKY

mrraaas E.

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Pac.z.I. MOCTOBa5I cxeva anaepropa na nsyxonepanaoaasrx rnpacropax: a ­ KpHBa~ TOKa aarpysxn; 6 - xpasaa nanpaacenas na narpysxe; B - KpHBa~ TOKa

HCTOLIHliKarrHTaHli~

7

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

TOK i norexer B 06paTHOM nanpannenau no nernr

(+E)-T3-6-a-T4-(-E) -repes Tl1pl1CTOpbI T3, T4, eCJII1 na HI1X fiyner nonan OTnl1palOI.II.I1M Cl1rHaJI. B ,naJIbHeMWeM 3JIeKTpOMarHl1THbIe npoueccsi B I1HBepTOpe nOBTOp5lIOTC5I.

PaCCMOTpl1M aJIrOpl1TM epOpMl1pOBaHI151 Hanp5l)KeHI151 na BbIXO,nHbIX 3a)KI1MaX nnaepropa. 3TO JIerKO npOCJIe,nI1Tb no zmarpasoee (pnc.Zvlfi)

BKJIlOqeHI151 nOJIynpOBo,nHI1KOBbIX npafiopos. I1PI1 OTKpbITbIX Tl, T2 3a)KI1M "a"

nornonoxea K nOJIO)KI1TeJIbHOMY I1CTOQHI1KY E, a K crpauarensnoxry. I1PI1

OTKpbITbIX zmonax D3, D4 nOJI5IpHOCTb na 3a)KI1MaX a-6 113MeHI1TC5I, nOCKOJIbKY

3a)KI1M «6» no,nKJIIOQaeTC5I K nOJIO)KI1TeJIbHOMY nJIIOCY, a «a» K

OTpmJ;aTeJIbHoMy I1CTOQHI1Ka nl1TaHI151 I1 T.,n. TaKI1M o6pa30M, na ,nl1arOHaJIl1 MOCTa a-6 epopMl1pyeTc5I nanpxxcenae np5lMoyrOJIbHOM epOpMOM (Ml1aH,np) C

BbICOTOM np5lMoyrOJIbHI1Ka, pasaoii nonynepaozry. Ha OCHOBaHl111

paccvorpennoro npaanana pa60TbI I1HBepTOpa MO)KHO cnenars CJIe,nYIOI.II.l1e BbIBO,nbI.

1.HeoTheMJIeMoM QaCTblO I1 OCHOBHbIM npl13HaKOM I1HBepTOpoB na­ np5l)KeHI151 51BJI5IIOTC5I ofiparnue ,n110,nbI, copacusaroume aneprmo I1H,nYKTI1BHOrO

3JIeMeHTa I1CTOQHI1KY nI1TaHI151.

2.I1CTOQHI1K nl1TaHI151 ,nOJI)KeH 06JIa,naTb CBOMCTBOM npl1HI1MaTb

peaKTI1BHYIO aneprmo npn KOMMyTaUI151X. B KaQeCTBe raxosoro MO)KeT

6bITb npaveaen l1JI11 Bbmp5lMl1TeJIb C KOH,neHcaTopHbIM epl1JIbrpOM l1JI11 aKKYMyAATOpHa5I fiarapes.

3.<1>opMa asrxormoro Hanp5l)KeHI151 OTJII1QaeTC5I OT CI1HYCOI1,naJIbHOM

11 conepsorr BbICWl1e rapMOHI1KI1.

4.CKOpOCTb HapaCTaHI151 Hanp5l)KeHI151 du/dt OQeHb BbICOKa, n03ToMY ,nOJI)KHbI 6bITb npl1H5ITbI xrepsi, OrpaHI1QI1BalOI.II.l1e 3TOT napaverp.

2.2. AHaJII1Tl-fqeCmM pacQeT napaMeTpoB OP;H0<p33Horo I1HBeQTopa Hanp5l)KeHl15I

8

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

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Ha pl1c.2.2 npnaenensr nepssre rapMOHI1KI1 nanpaxeaas Ua6 ( 1) 11 TOKa 1(1) •

Cpe.n.Hee 3HaqeHI1e TOKa.n.l1o.n.oB6y.n.eTpaBHo

(2.3)

Cpennee 3HaqeHI1e TOKa Tl1pl1CTOpOB

(2.5)

MOIUHOCTh, rrOTpe6JUIeMM OT I1CTOQHI1Ka

9

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

8E2

pacxer napaverpos l'IHBepTopa. TIo cpaBHeHIiIO C TOqHhIM pac-rerov [4] OTJIIiqIie COCTaBJI5leT 10-15 %.

2.3.0,l.J;H0<pa3HhIM MOCTOBOM IiHBepTop CnmpoTHhIM peryJIIipOBaHIieM Harrp5I)J(eHIi5I

lh paccaorpenns nsrpazcenaa (2.1) cneztyer, qTO axmrnrryrta 3-M rapMOHI1KI1 BhIX0.ll.HOrO Harrp5I)J(eHIi5I COCTaBJI5IeT 33,3%, 5-M - 20% Ii 7-M ­ 14,3% OT OCHOBHOM.

YJIyqllIeHIi5I <pOPMhI BhIX0.ll.HOrO Harrp5I)J(eHIi5I MO)J(HO .ll.0CTl1qh

rrpaveaenaesr <pIiJIhTPOB, nacrpoeansrx na onpenenenayro rapvoamcy. TaKoM

crroco6 B 3HaqIiTeJIhHOM Mepe yxyznuaer Maccora6apIiTHhle rrOKa3aTeJIIi naaepropa. 3HaqIiTeJIhHO npome raxoro )J(e pe3YJIhTaTa MO)J(HO ,l.J;OCTIiqh,

npnvenan llIIiPOTHhIM crroco6 peryJIl1pOBaHIi5I Harrp5I)J(eHIi5I. Ero CYI.IJ:HOCTh 3aKJIlOqaeTC5I B CJIe.ll.YIOI.IJ:eM.

TIyCTh B npoxreacyrxe BpeMeHI1 0 - 91 (pl1c.2.3) OTKphIThI TIipIiCTOphI Tl, T2 Ii TOK nporexaer rro uena (pnc.Ll ) (+E)-Tl-a-6-T2-(-E). TIPIi 9 =9 1 , rro

I1CTeyeHIiI1 npeveaa 7[-Q (pnc.z.S) TIiPI1CTOP KaTO.ll.HhIM rpyrrrrhI T2 BhIKJIlOqaIOT, OCTaBJI5I5I BKJIlOqeHHhIM Tl no OKOHqaHI15I nonynepaorta 9 = 92 =7[. I10CKOJIhKy

B MOMeHT npexrena 9 = 9] =7[-a 3HaqeHIie TOKa HarpY3KIi He paBHO HyJIIO Ii COCTaBJI5IeT irI, TO COrJIaCHO nepnony saxony KOMMYTa~IiIi TOK .ll.OJI)J(eH OCTaBaThC5I nenpepsmm.nr. 3TO .ll.OCTIiraeTC5I sa c-rer 3)J,C caMOIiH.ll.YK~IiIi ec,

KOTOpa5I rrpOBO.ll.I1T TOK rro KOpoTKo3aMKHyToMy KOHTypy (+ec)-R-6-D-Tl-a-(-ec) (pnc.Z.l ), finaroztaps qeMy nanpascenae na yxacrxe a K narpysxe He npI1KJIa,l.J;hIBaeTC5I.

3HeprIi5I IiH.ll.YKTIiBHoro aneraerrra npeofipaayerca B TerrJIO, BhI.ll.eJI5I5ICh B

aanepsocoii na yrorr a rro OTHOllIeHl11O K rnpacropan aHO,l.J;HOM rpyrrrrhI MOCTa, MO)J(HO rrJIaBHO perymrposars cpennee 3HaQeHIie BhIXO,l.J;HOrO Harrp5I)J(eHIi5I mrsepropa. Lleuuocri, raxoro crroco6a ynpanrrenna COCTOIiT He TOJIhKO B

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