Кулик В.Д. - Силовая электроника. Автономные инверторы, активные преобразователи - 2010
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НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
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PHc.5.1. Cxeva H xpaasie Hanp}l)l(eHHH oznrorpasnsrx aBTOHOMHbIX HHBepTopOB
TOKa: a - MOCTOBa}l cxeMa; 6 - cxeMa co cpezraea TO~KOM rpancrpopvaropa; B xpnssre TOKa i H nepaoii rapMOHHKH; r - xpanas nanpaacerraa na narpysxe; rt xpasaa aanpaacenaa na rapacropax
51
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
xonnencaropa C na no.n;KJIlOLIeHHYlO napaJIJIeJIbHO eMY narpysxy LR. TI03TOMY pafiora I1HBepTopa na HI13KI1X LIaCTOTax aeuenecooopasna 113-3a Heo6xo.n;I1MOCTI1
YBeJII1LIeHI1~ eMKOCTI1 xonnencaropa .n;JI~ nozuiepacanaa 3HaLIeHI1~ BpeMeHI1
BOCCTaHOBJIeHI1~ Bs He HI1)Ke nacnoprnoro BpeMeHI1 BOCCTaHOBJIeHI1~ Bsn. TIo 3TOM npHLII1He rrpe.n;CTaBJIeHHa~ B TaKOM BI1.n;e cxeMa o.n;Ho~a3Horo I1HBepTopa
TOKa HCrrOJIb3yeTc~ na BbICOKI1X LIaCTOTax (1-;.-5 KrU) B ycranoaxax .n;JI~
HH.n;yKUl1oHHoro narpesa MeTaJIJIa [2], [4].
113 paCCMOTpeHI1~ Kpl1BbIX TOKa (pnc.Si l ,B) 11 Hanp~)KeHI1~ na narpysxe,
paBHOM aanpsacemno na xonnencarope Uc, cneziyer, LITO nepsax rapMOHI1Ka TOKa irli onepezcaer aanpaaceane na narpysxe na yrOJI Bs, ~BJI~lOmI1HC~ cxeMHbIM speueue« BOCCTaHOBJIeHI1~ sanapaiomax CBOHCTB Tl1pI1CTOpOB. Ilapaaerp Bs
~BJI~eTC~ Ba)KHeHWI1M .n;JI~ I1HBepTopOB TOKa. TIPI1 Bs<Bsn rrpOI1Cxo.n;I1T CpbIB
(onpoxunsmanac) anaepropa.
PaCCMOTpl1M rro.n;po6HO BJII1~Hl1e rrapaMeTpa Bn Ha Harrp~)KeHl1e
xonnencaropa C, a CJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHO na nanpaxcenae aa narpyaxe UH. TOK
.n;HarOHaJIl1 MOCTa i I1MeeT BI1.n; npavcyrom.mnca, KOTOpbIH correpxorr KpOMe rtepaoii (OCHOBHOH), nee ae-reraue rapMOHI1KI1:
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i=--(slller+-sIll |
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TIepBa51 rapMOHI1Ka:
4Id . o
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(5.2) |
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Pl1c.5.2. Cxesra 3aMemeHI1~ anaepropa (a) 11 sexropnas zraarpasoaa (6)
52
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
TIPI1HSl:B nanpaxenne na aarpysxe UH CI1HYCOI1AaJIhHhIM, 11 y-nrrtaaaa JII111Ih TOKa 1(/), MO)l(HO rrpeACTaBI1Th I1HBepTOp B BI1Ae cxeuu ero 3aMern:eHI1S1:, rrOKa3aHHOM na pl1c.5.2,a. I1crrOJIh3ySl: cxevy 3aMern:eHI1S1:, MO)l(HO
rrOCTpOI1Th BeKTopHyIO Al1arpaMMy TOKOB nnaepropa (pl1c.5.2,6).
BeKTOp HarrpSl:)I(eHI1S1: V H HarrpaBJISl:IOT rro BepTI1KaJIhHOM OCI1. BeKTOp TOKa
1H aKTI1BHo-I1HAYKTI1BHOM |
HarpY3KI1 OTCTaeT OT |
sexropa HarrpSl:)I(eHI1S1: na |
yron |
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qJf-{ = arctgtol.; |
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Bexrop |
TOKa 1(- |
onepescaer BeKTOp |
HarrpSl:)I(eHI1S1: VIi |
na |
90°. |
CJIeAOBaTeJIhHO, sexrop TOKa i(/), paBHhIM cyMMe iH+ic, onepezcaer BeKTOp HarrpSl:)I(eHI1S1: VH na yrOJI B. Onepezcaroutati xapaxrep sexropa i(/) Sl:BJISl:eTCSI: 06S1:3aTeJIhHhIM AJISI: AI1T, TaK KaK yrOJI B onpenenaer BpeMH, rrpeztocrannsesroe Tl1pl1CTOpOM ,nJIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHI1H aanaparouiax CBOMCTB:
t |
=f)~= |
f) |
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360 0 |
360 0 . ! ' |
rzte T - nepaozi.j"- asrxoznras qaCTOTa mmepropa.
YroJI B He MO)l(eT 6hITh MeHhllIe BeJII1'-II1HhI Bmin, KOTOpOM COOTBeTcTByeT
MI1HI1MaJIhHO ,nOrrYCTI1MOe 3HaqeHI1e tne, pasaoe BpeMeHI1 BhIKJIIOQeHI1H (BOCCTaHOBJIeHI1H sanaparoutax CBOMCTB) I1CrrOJIh3yeMhIx Tl1pl1CTOpOB (ts):
f)min = 3600 • ft e
BOCrrOJIh3yeMcSI: ypaBHeHl1eM 6aJIaHCa MOmHOCTI1 B I1HBepTope, COrJIaCHO KOTOpOMy B OTCyTcTBl1e noreps BCSI: sneprna, rrOTPe6JISl:eMaSl: OT I1CTOQHI1Ka rrI1TaHI1S1:, OT,naeTCH B narpysxy [2]:
E1d = V H 1(1)cosO, |
(5.3) |
BhIpa311B B (5.3) 1(1) Qepe31d, npaxonav K BhIpa)l(eHI1IO
2-J2 |
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E = -- Vn cosf) , |
(5.4) |
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xoropoe Sl:BJISl:eTCH QaCTHhIM CJIyQaeM nazcaeiiurero ,nJISI: AI1T COOTHOllIeHI1S1:
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E = auUII case, |
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(5.5) |
rae au - K03<p<PI1Ul1eHT, onpenenaevsia cxesroii anaepropa. |
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,l],JISI: O,nH0<pa3HhIX |
cxest (c HyJIeBhIM |
BhIBOAOM 11 |
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au = 2.J2 / 1l = 0,9, ,nJIH |
rpexdrasnoa cxejasr |
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HyJIeBhIM |
BhIBO,nOM |
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au =3-16 /(21l) =1,17 11 ,nJISI: rpexdiasnoti MOCTOBOM cxevsr |
au =3- |
16 / 1l = 2,34. |
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YKa3aHHhIe 3HaQeHI1H K03<p<pI1Ul1eHTOB 113BeCTHhI 113 TeOp1111 BhIIlpSl:MI1TeJIeM.
53
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
Bsrpaacenae (5.5) ncnonssyev .ll.JIH onpenenenas nanpsacenns na aarpysxe naaepropa:
UH |
E |
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(5.6) |
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au cose |
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l'h (5.6) cnenyer, qTO nanpszceane na narpynce 3aBYlCYIT OT yrna cnsara e
Me)l(.ll.Y TOKOM naaepropa i YI HarrpH)I(eHYIeM na narpysxe UH' C YBeJIYlqeHYIeM yrna e nanpaxcemre na narpysxe, a, CJIe.ll.OBaTeJIbHO, YI na TYipYlCTOpaX 6Y.ll.eT paCTYI. ITpYi e=90o U~oo. 3TO HBmreTCH 60JIblllYiM He.ll.OCTaTKOM YlHBepTOpoB TOKa.
,UrrH CHYI)I(eHYlH tranpaxcenaa na narpysxe npn Yl3MeHeHYIYI ee napaverpos YlCrrOJIb3YlOT B xavecrse YlCTOqHYlKa nanpaaceaas ynpasnaeuue BbmpHMYlTeJIYI YlJIYI xovnencaropsr peaKTYlBHOH: sneprna, xcropue 3Hat.IYlTeJIbHO yxyznuaior Maccora6apYiTHble rrOKa3aTeJIYI naaepropa. HaYl60JIee 3KOHOMYlqHbIMYI HBJIHIOTCH cnocofisi YI yCTpOH:CTBa utaporaoro perynapoaanaa nanpaacenaa, xoropsre 6Y.ll.YT paccsrorpensr HYI)I(e .ll.JIH O.ll.H0<paJHbIX YlHBepTOpoB [4].
Paccvorpenasre cxesn.r 0.ll.Ho<pa3Horo nnaepropa C KOH.ll.eHCaTOpoM, rr0.ll.KJIIOt.IeHHbIM rrapaJIJIeJIbHO narpysxe, rroJIYt.IYlJIYI Ha3BaHYIe rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIX aasepropoa. ITOCKOJIbKY na sxorte mraepropa nozuono-rea npoccens C 60JIblllOH: YlH.ll.YKTYlBHOCTblO, TO TOK aapacraer B re-renne HeCKOJIbKYlX nonynepaoztos. B nepasre nonynepaonsr KOH.ll.eHCaTOp, paspazcaacs na narpysxy, He ycnesaer sapamrrsca no nanpaxemrs, neofixozunroro .ll.JIH KOMMyTaI..J,YIYI TYipYlCTOpOB. B pe3YJIbTaTe oCyI..I..J,eCTBJIeHYIe nycxa 6e3 npnsreneaaa CrreI..J,YlaJIbHbIX xrep 3aTpY.ll.HeHO. B nanepropax, ncno.rsayewt,ix .ll.JIH YlH.ll.YKUYlOHHoro narpeaa C
uensio |
Ha.ll.e)l(HOrO |
nycxa, |
-racro |
YlCrrOJIb3YlOT |
.ll.OrrOJIHYlTeJIbHbIH: |
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rrOCJIe.ll.OBaTeJIbHO BKJIlOlfeHHbIH: KOH.ll.eHCaTOp. |
TaKOH: YlHBepTOp |
B rnrreparype |
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HaJbIBalOT |
rrOCJIe.ll.OBaTeJIbHO-rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIM. |
PaCCMOTpYiM |
cnocofisr |
YI |
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yCTpOH:CTBa nraportroro perynuponaaaa aanpaaceana .ll.JIH rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIX YI rrOCJIe.ll.OBaTeJIbHO-rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIX nnsepropoa.
5.2. Crroc06bI YI yCTpOH:CTBa lllYipOTHOro peryJIYlpOBaHYlH HarrpH)I(eHYlH YlHBepTOpoB Ha O.ll.HOOrrepaUYlOHHbIX TYipYlCTOpaX
5.2.1. Crroc06bI YI yCTpOH:CTBa lllYipOTHOro peryJIYlpOBaHYlH HarrpH)I(eHYlH YlHBepTOpoB C .ll.ByMH YlCTOlfHYlKaMYI rrYiTaHYlH
MHorOMOCTOBble cxeMbI YlHBepTopoB. qacTHbIM cny-raesr unrpornoro
perynapoaamrs nanpszcemrs HBJIHeTCH cnocof Yl3MeHeHYlH umpanst YlMrrYJIbCa nanpaacenna, npaxnansraaeaoro K cyMMapHOH: uarpysxe mmepropa B re-reaae nonynepnona lfaCTOTbI ynpaanenax, YlMelOI..I..J,erO cryneusaro npavoyronsnyro q>OpMy.
B nasepropax nanpaacenas C BbIHY)l(.ll.eHHOH: KOMMyTaUYleH: TYipYlCTOpOB TaKOH: cnocof unrpornoro peryrrapoaaaas -racro npnaeasercs .ll.JIH <pOpMYlpOBaHYlH nanpascenna aa trarpysxe C uensio CHYI)I(eHYlH conepacamor sucumx rapMOHYIlfeCKYlX YlJIYI .ll.JIH perynaposaans ero cpennero saa-reaaa. ITpYi
54
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
3TOM 06blqHO I1CnOJIb3yeTC5I HeCKOJIbKO a-reex 0.uHO<pa3HbIX I1HBepTOpOB,
yrrpaBJI5IeMbIX co cnaarov rro rpaae OTHOClfTeJIbHO npyr ztpyra. Bsrxoznnre
Hanp5I)KeHI15I CYMMI1PYlOTC5I nocpencrsov BTOPlfqHbIX 06MOTOK rpancrpopaaropoa. Cy~ecTBeHHbIMHe.uOCTaTKOM raxoro MeTo.ua peryJIl1pOBaHI15I Hanp5I)KeHlf5I, KaK If rrpn reosterpa-recxov CyMMlfpOBaHl111 Hanp5I)KeHlfH B I1HBepTOpax TOKa, paCCMOTpeHHbIX ssnne, 5IBJI5IeTC5I neotixomoaocrs npaaeaenas
rpaucrpopaaropos.
B I1HBepTOpax 6e3 06paTHbIX .u110.uOB pesonaucaoro rnna, pa60TalO~I1X B
pe)J(I1MaX uenpepsmnoro 11 npepbIBI1CTOrO TOKa, ananora-moe perynaposanae
MO)KHO ocy~eCTBI1Tb, He npafieras K I1CnOJIb30BaHMlO rpaacoopuaropoa. CY~HOCTb raxoro cnocofia 3aKJIlOqaeTC5I B CJIe.uYlO~eM. ECJII1 B35ITb ztsa O.uH0<pa3HbIX MOCTOBbIX nnnepropa C ransaaaaaecxa He CB5I3aHHbIMI1 I1CTOQHI1KaMlf rrMTaHI15I, coe.uI1HI1Tb .ul1arOHanl1 MOCTOB no nepeaeaaosry TOKy rrOCJIe.uOBaTeJIbHO C narpysxoii, npe.uCTaBJI5IlO~eHC060H KOJIe6aTeJIbHbIH KOHTyp, 11 BKJIlOQaTb Tl1pMCTOpbI anozmoa rpyrmsr nJIeQ onnoro M3 MOCTOB C 3a.uep)KKoll no OTHOllIeHMlO K CMHXpOHHO BKJIlOQaeMbIM Tl1pMCTOpaM cooTBeTcTBYlO~I1X
OCTaJIbHbIX nnes |
06011x |
MOCTOB, |
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re-remre |
speveaa |
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aarpyaxe |
nsyxnocroaoro nnsepropa |
6y.ueT |
npI1KJIa.ubIBaTbC5I |
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Harrp5I)J(eHlfe |
o.uHoro I1CTOQHI1Ka |
nlfTaHl15I, |
a B OCTanbHoe BpeM5I rroJIynepl1o.ua |
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QaCTOTbI ynpaBJIeHM5I - cyMMa Hanp5I)KeHI111 060l1x I1CTOQHI1KOB. |
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Cnenyer l1MeTb B Bl1.uy, QTO non cyMMapHoll aarpyaxoti nnyxvocroaoro |
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I1HBepTOpa |
nazto |
rrOHMMaTb normoe |
conporaanenae, BKlllOQeHHOe B |
uena |
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zmaroaanea rro nepeveuaovy 11 rrOCT05IHHOMY TOKy 06011X MOCTOB. Cnocof
rrpl1MeHI1M .u1l5I l1HBepTOpoB KaK C 06paTHbIMH .uHo.uaMI1, TaK 11 6e3 HI1X .
ocyuiecrnneuas TaKoro cnocofia perynaposanaa Hanp5I)KeHI15I B I1HBepTOpax 6e3
ooparuux .u110.uOB B O.uHOM 113 MOCTOB He06xo.uI1MO nomono-nrts nononaarensusre Tl1pI1CTOpbI, KaK 3TO rrOKa3aHO na pl1c.5.3. Hx Ha3HaQeHl1eM 5IBll5IeTC5I 06pa30BaHl1e rrYTI1 .u1l5I npOXO)K.ueHI15I TOKa l1HBepTOpa rrpl1 BbIKlllOQeHHbIX Tlfpl1CTOpaX T6 11 T8 BTOpOro MOCTa. Haseprop conepxorr ztsa MOCTa, cofipaumrx na THpl1CTOpaX TI-T4 H T5-T8. HCTO'lIHHKl1 rrHTaHH5I E, 11 £2
rrepBoro l1 sroporo MOCTOB nonxmosensr K HX |
sxonav |
COOTBeTCTBeHHO xepea |
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ztpoccena L I |
l1 L2. |
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AHO.ubI |
nonomnrrensnsrx THpl1CTOpOB |
T9 l1 |
T 10 nonxmo-rensr K |
.uHarOHanl1, a xaronsr - K nonoaorrem.novy nomocy l1CTOQHHKa rrl1TaHH5I sroporo MOCTa. .Il:l1arOHafll1 060l1x MOCTOB coezraneau nocnenosarensno Me)K.uy C060H H C COrrpOTI1BlleHHeM, npencraanmouma C060H konefiarensnsu; KOHTyp, BH.u xoroporo onpenensercs Ha3HaQeHl1eM aaaepropa, napaaerpasnt HarpY3KH ZH, ee noaeneaaev B npouecce 3KCrrJIyaTaUl1H npeofipaaosarensnoii yCTaHoBKH.
TaK, aanpavep, B cnyxae HcrrOllb30BaHH5I ztannoro I1HBepTOpa .u1l5I I1H.uYKUHoHHoro uarpesa MeTaJIlla MoryT 6bITb npavenensr nccnenouarensao rtapannensasnl, napannensasrii, nocnenoaarensnsril I111H fionee cnozcaue xonefiarensnue KOHTypbI C JI- HllH T-06pa3HOH cxevoii BKlllOQeHI15I
xonnencaropon. Paccvorpasr pafiory anaepropa na rtocrrenonarensno
napannensnsni KOHTyp.
55
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
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PHc.5.3. CHJIOBa51 cxexra ztnyxjaocroaoro naaepropa C WHpOTHbIM peryJmpOBaHHeM Hanp5l)KeHH5I
Bsenev CJIe,ll.YIO~He 0603HaQeHH5I Hanp5l)KeHI1H 11 TOKOB B nne-tax naaepropa: in}, lo: - TOKI1, norpetinsesrsre MOCTaMI1 I1HBepTOpa OT I1CTOqHI1KOB E},
E2; i, U - TOK 11 nanpsoseaae na asrxozie; i2 = iBX - BXO.n;HOH TOK sroporo MOCTa. BXO,ll.HOH TOK nepsoro MOCTa, KaK nerpyzmo 3aMeTI1Tb, pasea TOKy inl •
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Pl1c.5.4. )J,l1arpaMMa sxoznroro TOKa (a) 11 BXO,ll.HOro Hanp5l)KeHI151 (6) I1HBepTOpa
56
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
PaCCMOTpHM BHa1JaJIe pafiory HHBepTOpa B pexcasre npepsrsacroro TOKa
rrpH OTCyTCTBHH perYJIHpOBaHH~, T.e. xorzta CHHXpOHHO rrO.naIOTC~ yrrpaBJI~IOIIJ,He
HMrrYJIbCbI na THpHCTOpbI T1, T2, T5, T6 B O.nHH norrynepaon 1JaCTOTbI
ynpannenna H na T3, T4, T7, T8 - B npyroii nonynepnozt. ITyCTb .no MOMeHTa
BpeMeHH tj (pac.Si-l.a) TOK B THpHCTOpaX pasen HyJIIO, a rrOJI~pHOCTb nanpazceaaa na xonnencaropax Cl H C COOTBeTcTByeT pHc.5.3.
B MOMeHT BpeMeHH tj OTrrHpaIOIIJ,He HMrrYJIbCbI nozrarorca na THpHCTOpbI T1, T2, T5, T6, 1JTO BbI3bIBaeT nporexanae TOKa i rro uenn l-2-Tl-3-6-T6-9-7-8 T5-4- T2-5 no MOMeHTa ts. xorzta ero 3Ha1JeHHe BBH.ny KOJIe6aTeJIbHOrO xapaxrepa CTaHeT paBHhIM HyJIIO. B nponeacyrxe BpeMeHH trt], KaK nerpyzmo 3aMeTHTh, K cyvxrapaoii narpysxe .nByXMocToBoro HHBepTopa, BKJII01JaIOllJ,eM B cefis nxozmsie
.npOCCeJIH Ll, L2, KOH.neHcaTOp Cl H rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIM, KOJIe6aTeJIbHbIM KOHTyp Znap, npmctanstaaerca cyMMa nanpazcenaii (3,n:C) 060HX HCT01JHHKOB rrHTaHH~ E=Ej+E]. AHaJIOrH1JHO rrpOTeKaIOT npouecctr B HHBepTope, xorna BO BTOpOM
nonynepnone 1JaCTOTbI ynpaanenaa B MOMeHT BpeMeHH t4 ornaparounre
HMrrYJIhChI nonaiorca aa THpHCTOphI T3, T4, T7, T8, B pe3YJIhTaTe -rcro TOK
HHBepTopa B npoweacyrxe BpeMeHH t.rt6 fiyner nporexarr. rro uerm l-2-T3-4-T8 9-7-8-T7-6-3- T4-5.
1'13 paCCMOTpeHH~ pa60TbI naaepropa cneziyer, 1JTO rrpH TaKOM ynpaanemnr
THpHCTopaMH .nByXMocToBoro HHBepTopa ero CHJIOBbIe 3JIeMeHThI 06TeKaIOTC~
.. .
O.nHHM H TeM »ce TOKOM, T. e. Z=l()/=ZOb a B narpysxe BbI.neJI~eTC~ MOIIJ,HOCTb, ornaaaeuaa 060HMH HCT01JHHKaMH rrHTaHH~, B pe3YJIhTaTe -rero npoacxoznrr
CJIO)KeHHe MOllJ,HocTeM ztayx O.nHOMOCTOBhIX HHBepTopOB # 1 H #2. ITo.nKJII01JeHHe
.norrOJIHHTeJIhHbIX THpHCTOpOB T9 H T10 naer B03MO)KHOCTb oCyIIJ,eCTBHTb perynnpoaanne nanpaacenna H BhIXO.nHOM MOIIJ,HOCTH .nByxMocToBoro HHBepTopa.
Paccxrorpan ero pafiory, 06paTHBllIHcb K .nHarpaMMe sxoztaoro TOKa nnaepropa
# l, npencraaneaaoii na pnc.S A,a.
B MOMeHT BpeMeHH tj ornapatorca THpHCTOpbI T1, T2, T5, T9. ITpH rrOJI~pHOCTH nanpsosenna na xonneacaropax C1 H C, 0603Ha1JeHHoM na pncynxe, 3TO BhI30BeT rrporexamre TOKa rro ucnn l-2-Tl-3-6-T9-7-8-T5-4-T2-5. B npoveacyrxe BpeMeHH trt2 K cyMMapHoM narpysxe nnaepropa fiyzter rrpHJIO)KeHO nanpsoxeune HCT01JHHKa rrHTaHH~ E, (pHc.5A,6). ITo HCTe1JeHHH BpeMeHH trt2 (yrrra perYJIHpOBaHH~)BKJII01JaeTC~ THpHCTOp T6, 1JTO npaaorrar K KOMMyTaUHH TOKa C rapacropa T9 na T6 non B03.neMcTBHeM nanpazcenaa E2 , xoropoe .nJI~ rupacropa T9 npnnaraerca B aarmparoiuexr HarrpaBJIeHHH, H OH saxpoercs. B pe3YJIhTaTe ofipasyercs raxas )Ke uens .nJI~ rrpOXO)K.neHH~ TOKa, KaK H rrpH CHHXpOHHOM BKJII01JeHHH THpHCTOpOB T1, T2, T5, T6, KaK 3TO 6hIJIO rrOKa3aHO ssnue. 3TO rtpnnoznrr K rro.nKJII01JeHHIO K cyvvapnoii narpysxe anaepropa nanpsaceana E=E j+E2 (pHc.5A,6). Taxoe COCTO~HHe coxpamrrca B npoxrexcyrxe BpeMeHH trt] BrrJIOTb zto BbIKJII01JeHH~ THpHCTOpOB. Bo BTOpOM nonynepaone B
nponexyrxe BpeMeHH t.rt6 |
npoueccu B HHBepTope rroBTop~IOTC~. B MOMeHT t4 |
BKJII01JaIOTC~ THpHCTOpbI |
T3, T 4, T7, T 1O. ITOCKOJIbKY nanpsxceaae na |
xonnencaropax C1 H C K ztannoxry BpeMeHH 6y.neT HMeTb rrOJI~pHOCTb, 06paTHyIO noxasanaoti na pncymce, TO sro BbI30BeT nporexanae TOKa rro KOHTypy 1-2-T3-4 T10-7-8-T7-6-3-T4-5, a K narpysxe rrpHJIO)KHTC~ naupaacenae E). B MOMeHT t5
57
_ . _ --
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
BKJUOqaeTC}J TI1PI1CTOP T8, qTO rrpI1BO)1I1T K 3arrl1paHI11O TIO; B pe3YJIhTaTe K cyMMapHOH: narpysxe I1HBepTOpa rrpI1JIO)l(I1TC}J nanpazcenae E.
TaKI1M 06pa30M, 113MeH}J}J saztepaocy BKJIlOqeHI1}J Tl1pl1CTOpOB KaTO)1HOH: rpynnu nnex BTOpOrO MOCTa rro OTHOllleHl1lO K OCTaJIhHhIM Tl1pl1CTOpaM COOTBeTcTBylOlll.I1X rine-r 060l1x MOCTOB, MO)l(HO rrJIaBHO 113MeH}JTh B rrpezterrax OT
E, )10 £=£/+£2 urapany crynenvaro-rrpavoyronsnoro I1MrrYJIhCa Harrp}J)I(eHI1}J, npaxnansisaevoro K cyMMapHOH: narpyaxe I1HBepTopa, 11 3TI1M perynapoaars nanpaxeane na BhIXO)1e.
PaCCMOTpeHHhIH: cnocof urapornoro peryJIl1pOBaHI1}J Harrp}J)I(eHI1}J uerrecooopaano I1CrrOJIh30BaTh B ycranosxax 60JIhlllOH: MOlll.HOCTH, KOr)1a na fiase Cepl1H:HO BhIflYCKaeMhIX O)1HOMOCTOBhIX I1HBepTopOB MO)l(HO CKJIa)1hIBaTh I1X MOlll.HOCTH, O)1HOBpeMeHHO OCYlll.eCTBJI}J}J perynaposanne Harrp}J)I(eHI1}J rro paCCMOTpeHHOH: ssnue cxexre COe)1HHeHH}J MOCTOB.
O,n,HOMOCTOBhle cxeMhI I1HBepTopOB C ,n,ByM}J I1CTOqHI1KaMH rrI1TaHI1}J. TIPI1 HaJIl1ql1H HCTOQHHKa rrI1TaHH}J, npencraanarouiero C060H: )1eJII1TeJIh Harrp}J)I(eHI1}J, nanpavep aKKyMyJI}JTOpHOH: 6aTapeH, aHaJIorHQHOe perynaponanae Harrp}J)I(eHI1}J MO)l(HO OCYlll.eCTBHTh H B O)1HOMOCTOBhIX cxevax, I1CrrOJIb3Y}J cnocofi, OrrI1CaHHhIH:
nsnue.
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PHc.5.5. CHJIOBhIe cxexrsr HHBepTopOB 6e3 06paTHhIX )1110)10B C )1ByM}J I1CTOQHI1KaMH rrHTaHI1}J: a - C O)1HHM THpHCTOpOM na BXO)1e; 6 - C )1ByM}J
.n:orrOJIHHTeJIbHhIMI1 Tl1pl1CTOpaMI1
Ha pHc.5.5 npasenensi cxeMbI nnsepropoe, C novouu.ro KOTOphIX peanasyerca .n:aHHbIH: crroco6 peryJIHpOBaHH}J narrpaacenas. Paccvorpav I1X
58
-САНКТ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГОПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТАТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛИМЕРОВРАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ
ЦЕНТРИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ
-НАУЧНО .-----
pafiory, ofiparnsumci, K .nHarpaMMaM TOKa H Harrp5DKeHH5I, rrpe.nCTaBJIeHHbIM na pHc.5.4.
Pa60Ta CXeMbI C BKJIlOqeHHbIMH na BXO.ne THpHCTOpOM |
T H .nHO.nOM ,a |
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(pac.So,a) nporexaer CJIe.nyIOIlJ,HM 06pa30M. |
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B MOMeHT BpeMeHH t, (pHc.5.4,a) BKJIlOl.faIOTC5I THpHCTOpbI TI |
H T2. TIPH |
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rrOJI5IpHOCTH na KOH.neHCaTOpaX C1 H C, 0603Hal.feHHOM na |
pncynxe, |
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BbI30BeT nporexanae |
TOKa |
J1HBepTOpa rro |
uena ,a-2-3-Tl-4-5-T2-6, |
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cyMMapHoM narpysxe |
HHBepTopa rrpJ1JIO)l(HTC5I |
nanpszcenae |
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B MOMeHT |
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BpeMeHH t: oTKpOeTC5I THpHCTOp T, B pe3YJThTaTe xero rrp0J130M.neT KOMMyTaU:H5I TOKa C .nHo.na,a na THpHCTOp T. ,II,J10.n,a 3aKpOeTC5I Harrp5I)I(eHJ1eM E1. J1 KO BXO.ny mrsepropa rrpHJTO)l(HTC5I cyMMa Harrp5I)I(eHJ1M E=E,+E2 (pHc.5.4,6). B MOMeHT BpeMeHH ts TOK anaepropa CTaHeT paBHbIM HyJIIO.
B resenne nayssr trt4 TJ1pHCTOpbI T, T I, T2 6y.nyT BOCCTaHaBJIHBaTb CBOJ1 sanaparoume CBoMcTBa. Bo BTOpOM norrynepaone qaCTOTbI yrrpaBJIeHH5I B pafiore yqaCTBYIOT THpHCTOpbI T3, T4, BKJIIOqaeMble B MOMeHT t, H TJ1pJ1CTOp T, ornapaesn.rii B MOMeHT BpeMeHH t; 3JIeKTpOMarHJ1THble npoueccsr B J1HBepTOpe rrOBTOp5IIOTC5I. 113MeH5I5I sanepaocy BKJIIOl.feHH5I THpJ1CTOpa T rro OTHOIIIeHHIO K T 1
T4, MO)l(HO, KaK J1 B .nByXMOCTOBOM J1HBepTOpe, rrJIaBHO perynaposars cpezmee aaascaae Harrp5I)I(eHJ15I na sxozre, a CJIe.nOBaTeJIbHO, J1 na narpysxe.
113 paccvorpennoro npanuana .neMCTBJ15I uerpyznto 3aMeTHTb, qTO
perynaposanae B .naHHoM cxesie I1HBepTOpa MO)l(HO nponaaozurrt, rraun, npn ero pafiore B pe)l(HMe rtpepsmncroro TOKa. ,II,eMcTBHTeJIbHO, npn nenpepstsnov BXO.nHOM TOKe K MOMeHTy BpeMeHI1 t, THpl1CTOp T OCTaHeTC5I BKJIIOqeHHbIM, a
.n110.n ,a 3aKpOeTC5I 06paTHbIM uanpaacenaea E:!. 3TO npasener K TOMy, -rro npa BKJIIOl.feHHH o-repezraoa napsr Tl1pHCTOpOB MOCTa K cyMMapHoM aarpysxe MOCTa rrpHJIO)l(I1TC5I He xacrs, a rrOJIHOe nanpaxcenne r.e, na rrpOT5I)I(eHHH
scero nepnozta KO BXO.ny MOCTa naaepropa rrOCT05IHHO fiyzter rro.nKJIIOqeHO nanpxxcenae 060HX HCTOqHHKOB E,
Ha pHc.5.5,6 npnseztena cxeva mrsepropa, rr03BOJI5IIOma5I perynapoaars nanpsoxenae B pe)l(J1MaX nenpepsrsnoro H npepbIBI1CTOrO TOKa. PaccMOTpHM ee pafiory,
TIpe.nnOJIO)l(I1M, qTO K MOMeHTy t, (CM. pHc.5.4) aaaseaae sxonaoro TOKa
iex He paBHO HyJIIO H OH nporexaer no uenn 1-2-T3-4-3-T4-5-6, a Tl1pHCTOpbI T5, T6, Tl, T2 saneprsr. B MOMeHT BpeMeHH t, no.naIOTC5I ornaparourae HMrrYJIbCbI na Tl1pHCTOpbI T 1 I1 T6. 3TO rrpJ1Bo.nJ1T K 06pa30BaHHIO Tpex KOHTypOB TOKa: 4-T3
Tl-3; 4-T6-6-5-T4-3 I1 4-T6-6-1-2-Tl-3. B nepaoxr KOHType pa3p5I.nHbIM TOK xoaneacaropos C H Cl fiyzter nanpaanen BCTpeqHO TOKy rnpncropa T3, BCJIe.nCTBHe -rero rrOCJIe.nHHM BbIKJIIOqI1TC5I, K HeMy rrpHJIO)l(HTC5I ofiparnoe nanpsosenae znsaronamr MOCTa U H rtepsoro KOHTypa He CTaHeT. O.nHOBpeMeHHO BO BTOpOM KOHType Pa3P5I.nHbIM TOK KOH.neHcaTopOB, HarrpaBJIeHHbIM BCTpeqHO TOKy Tl1pl1CTOpa T4, BbIKJIIOqHT rrOCJIe.nHHM. KOHTyp J1Cqe3HeT, a K T4 fiyzter rtparroaceua Pa3HOCTb Harrp5I)I(eHHM U-E2 . B pe3YJIbTaTe rrp01130M.neT KOMMyTaU:H5I TOKa C THpHCTOpOB T3, T4 na T6, TI, nOCJIe -iero K cyMMapHoM narpysxe anaepropa rrpHJIO)l(HTC5I aanpszceaae E,. TIo HCTeqeHHH BpeMeHH trt: OTKpOeTC5I
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59 |
-------- ~----- |
------~- -- |
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
UiPI1CTOP T2. TIO.ll, B03.ll,eHCTBl1eM aanpaacenaa E2 rrp01130H.ll,eT KOMMyTaUI1}f TOKa C T6 na T2 11 ofipasyerca uens 1-2-Tl-3-4-T2-5, B pe3YJIbTaTe -rero KO sxony I1HBepTOpa rrO.ll,KJII01.fI1TC}f cyMMapHoe nanpazcenae E=E}+E2• I13MeH}f}f BpeM}f sanepacxa to., MO)KHO TaK)Ke rrJIaBHO peryrmponars nanpxacenae na suxone
I1HBepTOpa.
TIPI1 rrpepbIBI1CTOM TOKe ansepropa ero saa-reaae B MOMeHTbI BpeMeHI1 t} 11 t, paBHO HyJIIO, rr03TOMY npn BKJII01.feHI1I1 Tl1pl1CTOpOB Tl, T6 I1JII1 T3, T5 nepssre zraa KOHTypa TOKa He 06pa3yIOTC}f.
Ilpoaenev I1CCJIe.ll,OBaHl1e pa60TbI paCCMOTpeHHbIX cxev 11 rrOJIy1.fI1M OCHOBHble I1X xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 npn TaKOM crroco6e perynaposaaax aanpaaceaaa.
5.2.2. CxeMbI 11 crroco6bI 111l1pOTHOro peryJIl1pOBaHI1}f Harrp}f)KeHI1}f I1HBepTopoB C O.ll,HI1M I1CT01.fHI1KOM rrl1TaHI1}f
B na-iane .ll,aHHOH rJIaBbI 6bIJII1 paccvorpeasr crtocofisr 11 ycrpoficrsa uraporuoro peryrmponauas O.ll,HOMOCTOBbIX I1HBepTopoB C .ll,ByM}f I1CT01.fHI1KaMI1 rrI1TaHI1}f. Hcuonssya crroco6 ynpasnemra Tl1pI1CTOpaMI1, 113JIO)KeHHbIH B pafiore [3], MO)KHO na I1X OCHOBe, KaK nerpyzmo 3aMeTI1Tb, cosnars cxevsr I1HBepTopoB C O.ll,HI1M I1CT01.fHI1KOM rrI1TaHI1}f. TaK, uanpmrep, eCJII1 B cxeve, rrpe.ll,CTaBJIeHHOH na pl1c.5.5,a, anon .ll,110.ll,a JJ rrO.ll,KJII01.fI1Tb K 3a)KI1MY 6, TO rrOJIy1.fI1M cxevy C O.ll,HI1M I1CT01.fHI1KOM naranas (pl1c.5.6).
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Pl1c.5.6. CI1JIOBa}f cxeraa rrOCJIe.ll,OBaTeJIbHO-rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO mraepropa C O.ll,HI1M I1CT01.fHI1KOM naraaas 11 Tl1pl1CTOpOM na axone
,l],JI}f rrO}fCHeHI1}f npannana pa60TbI TaKOH cxeMbI 06paTI1MC}f K
.ll,l1arpaMMaM BXO)J,Horo TOKa iex 11 nanpazcenaa U, npaaeneansia na pac.S, 7. B
MOMeHT BpeMeHI1 t} orrmpatorcs Tl1pl1CTOpbI T, T3, T4, 1.fTO BbI3bIBaeT nporexanae TOKa rro uena 1- T-T3- T4-6 non B03.ll,eHCTBl1eM aanpszceaaa I1CT01.fHI1Ka E, npaxnaznaaaesroro K cyMMapHoH narpysxe anaeptopa ZH,
BKJII01.falOmeH B cefis KaK COrrpOTI1BJIeHl1e BXO.ll,HOrO ztpoccena L1, TaK 11 rrOJIHOe
60
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