Кулик В.Д. - Силовая электроника. Автономные инверторы, активные преобразователи - 2010
.pdfНАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
COnpOHlBJIeHHe Jl.11aromum: MOCTa. B MOMeHT BpeMeHI1 I] BBI1Jl.Y KOJIe6aTeJIbHOra xapaxrepa BXOJl.HOrO TOKa era auasenae CTaHeT paBHbIM HyJIIO. TI1PI1CTOPbI T, T3,
T4 BbIKJIlOyaTC5I, 11 K HI1M npI1JIO)J(HTC5I ofiparuoe aanpszceaue pasaoe
paJHOCTI1 Hanp5l)J(eHI1H ziaaronana MOCTa 11 I1CTOYHHKa nI1TaHH5I E.
Do I1CTeyeHI1H norrynepaona yaCTOTbI ynpaBJIeHH5I B MOMeHT BpeMeHH I]
BKJIlOyaIOTC5I Tl1pl1CTOpbI Tl 11 T2. Ilpn nOJI5IpHOCTH Hanp5l)J(eHI151 aa xonnencaropax C i yKaJaHHoH ira pncynxe, :HO npasener K 06pa30BaHHIO KOHTypa HX nepesapana 5-T2-1J- Ti-4.
Ero cyurecrsosanae onpenenaercx HHTepBaJIOM BpeMeHH Irl.J, B TeyeHl1e xoroporo THpHCTOp T sanepr. HeTpYJl.HO 3aMeTHTb, YTO B ,llaHHOM npoveacyrxe BpeMeHH K cyMMapHoH aarpysxe annepropa He npHKJIaJl.bIBaeTC5I nanpaxeaae
I1CTOYHHKa nHTaHH5I. B MOMeHT BpeMeHH I.J OTnl1paeTC5I THpHCTOp T, B pe3YJIbTaTe -rero npOH30H,lleT KOMMyTaUH5I TOKa C ,llHO,lla IJ na THpHCTOp T, K cyMMapHoH aarpysxe HHBepTopa npHJIO)J(HTC5I nanpaxenae E, a TOK CTaHeT nporexars no uena I-T-TI-T2-6. B MOMeHT 15 ero 3HayeHl1e CHH3HTC5I,110 HyJI5I.
B TpeTbeM nonynepnone B MOMeHT BpeMeHH 16 BHOBb OTnHpaIOTC5I THpHCTOpbI T3, T4, HO OCTaeTC5I saneprsna THpHCTOp T. DOCKOJIbKY K 3TOMy BpeMeHH nOJI5IpHOCTb Hanp5l)J(eHI151 na xoanencaropax 113MeHHTC5I sa ofiparnyro, TO TOK nepeaapsna 6YJl.eT nporexars no uenn 4-T4-1J-3-T3-5.
B MOMeHT 17 OTnHpaeTC5I THpl1CTOp T, 11, HaYHHa51 C -rerseproro nonynepaozia, npoueccsr B aaaeprope nOBTOp5lIOTC5I.
HeTpY,llHO 3aMeTHTb, YTO co nroporo nonynepaozta qaCTOTbI ynpaBJIeHH5I umpana HMnyJIbCa Hanp5l)J(eHH5I, npaxnanueaeaoro K cyMMapHOH: narpysxe, MeHbUIe ,llJII1TeJIbHOCTH npOTeKaHH5I TOKa aa saa-reaae aanepxxn BKJIlOyeHH5I
Tl1pHCTOpa T, T. e. na BpeM5I Irl.;=la. 113MeH5I5I la, MO)J(HO nJIaBHO perynaposart, UIHPHHY npavoyrom.aoro I1MnYJIbCa H 3THM H3MeH5ITb aanpsoseaae aa ssrxone
I1HBepTOpa, T.e. B ,llaHHOM CJIyYae npOHCXO.n.HT UIl1pOTHOe perynaposaaae
Hanp5l)J(eHH5I, OCymeCTBJI5IeMOe B OTJIHYl1e OT H3BeCTHbIX CXeM 6e3 npHMeHeHH5I yCTpoHcTB BbIHY)J(.n.eHHOH: KOMMyTaUI1H THpI1CTOpOB.
B paCCMOTpeHHOM ycrpoiicrne perYJII1pOBaHH5I TI1pHCTOp T 3anHpaeTC5I JIHUIb BO BpeM5I nayssr. DpI1 I1Cye3HOBeHI1I1 nayasi I1JIH YMeHbUIeHI1H ee .n.0
3HayeHI1H:, |
He,llOCTaTOYHbIX ,llJI5I BOCCTaHOBJIeHH5I sannparoutef |
CnOC06HOCTI1 |
|||
TI1pI1CTOpa |
T, |
nOCJIeJl.HI1H |
6y.n.eT HaXOJl.I1TbC5I BCe BpeM5I BO |
BKJIlOyeHHOM |
|
COCT05lHI1H, |
YTO |
HCKJIlOyaeT |
B03MO)J(HOCTb |
peryJIl1pOBaHI151, |
T.e. Jl.aHHbIH |
HHBepTOp C UIHPOTHbIM perynnpoaanaev Hanp5l)J(eHH5I MO)J(eT paoorars JIHUIb B pe)J(I1Me npepbIBI1CTOrO TOKa. BpeM5I BOCCTaHOBJIeHI151 Tl1pHCTOpa T MO)J(HO YBeJII1YI1Tb, npI1COeJl.HHI1B xarozt Jl.110Jl.a IJ K ornaiixe a npoccens Li, KaK 3TO nOKaJaHO aa pacynxe IllTPI1XOBOH JIHHl1eii. B TaKOM cny-rae TOK paspana
xonnencaropon, nporexaiounni no yaCTI1 BI1TKOB 6YJl.eT uaaoznrrs na npyroa yaCTH BI1TKOB zrpoccens 2-a 3.D:C, aanpasnenayro B aanapaioutev Jl.JI5I Tl1pI1CTOpa
T HanpaBJIeHI1I1. B renenae BpeMeHI1, xorna 3Ta 3.D:C 60JIbUIe Harrp5l)J(eHI151 I1CTOYHI1Ka E, TI1PI1CTOP 6YJl.eT BOCCTaHaBJII1BaTb CBOI1 aanaparourae CBoHcTBa.
61
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
~t, |
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
• |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I, |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
t |
I |
• |
4 |
|
I |
|
|||
|
( |
|
, |
I |
|
,• |
I |
|
I |
|
||
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
•~ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I.4J |
1 |
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
I |
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg
|
.. |
,• |
I |
• |
I |
t |
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||
|
, |
• |
|
|
|||
|
j |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
• |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
t
Pl1c.5.7. )J,l1arpaMMhI TOKOB 11 aanpazcenaa nnseptopa C O,[(Hl1M
l1CTOqHl1KOM mrraaas 6e3 06paTHhIX ,[(110,[(OB
i6x - BXO)l,HOH: TOK HHBepTOpa; UH - nanpazceaae HHBepTOpa, npaxnaznasaeaoe K ero cyMMapHOH: aarpysxe; in - TOK HCTOqHHKa rrHTaHHSI anacpropa
Ha pl1c.5.8 npasenena cxexia, B KOTOpOM unrpornoe perynaposaaae aanpsacenns MO)l{HO ocyuiecrunan, B peaorvax npepsrsacroro 11 aenpepsmaoro TOKa. Ilpmnnm ,[(eMCTBl1}1 ee rrpa nenpepuaaov TOKe 3aKJIlOqaeTC}I B cnenyrouiesr.
Ilpezmonoxav, qTO B nepsov nonynepaone (CM. pnc.S.", OCl1 3, 4, 5), B
re-reaae spevena TOK He CH11311JIC}I ,[(0 HyJI}I 11 l1MeeT KaKoe-TO sna-reaae, npn
:HOM Tl1pl1CTOphI T3 11 T4 OTKphIThI, a nanpaxceaae na xoaneacarope l1MeeT rrOJI}lpHOCTh, yxasaimyio na pncyaxe. B MOMeHT spevemr t2 BKJIIOQaIOTC}I Tl1pl1CTOphI TI 11 T5. 3TO rrpnaoznrr BHaQaJIe K 06pa30BaHl1lO zmyx KOHTypOB TOKa nepesapszta xoaneacaropa: 11 KaK aerpyzmo 3aMeTl1Th, KOHTypHhIe TOKl1 nanpaanensr BCTpeQHO TOKaM Tl1pl1CTOpOB T3 11 T 4 11 rrOCJIe,[(Hl1e racnyr, nocne xero ofipasycrca JIl111Ih O,[(l1H KOHTyp nepesapaaa xoaneacaropa 4
T5-Tl-3. Ilpa TaKOM COCT05lHl1l1 Tl1pl1CTOpOB l1CTOQHl1K mrranas E OCTaeTC}I OTKJIIOQeHHhIM OT cyMMapHoM HarpY3Kl1 nnsepropa, rrOCKOJIhKY BhIKJIIOQeHhI
62
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
rapacropsr T2 11 T4. ITPI1 3TOM K TI1PI1CTOPY T3 fiyzrer npaxnansrsarscs
06paTHOe nanpaxcenne zraarcaana MOCTa U o6p, a K T 4 - Pa3HOCTb nanpaacenaii
.n:l1arOHaJIl1 MOCTa 11 I1CTOqHI1Ka E. B MOMeHT BpeMeHI1 ts ornapaerca TI1PI1CTOP T2, B peaynsrare -rero rrpOI1Cxo.n:I1T KOMMyTaUI1}l TOKa C Tl1pl1CTOpa T5 aa T2. K cyMMapHoM narpysxe anaepropa rrpI1JlO)l(I1TC}l nanpaaceuae I1CTOqHI1Ka E, QTO BbI30BeT nporexanae TOKa rro uena I-Tl-3-4-T2-5. B MOMeHT BpeMeHI1 f.j
BKJllOQaTC}l Tl1pl1CTOpbI T3 11 T6. ITOCKOJlbKY rronspnocrs nanpsacenas na xonneacarope K 3TOMy BpeMeHI1 113MeHI1TC}l na o6paTHyIO, TO rrp01130M.n:eT
BbIKJlIOLIeHl1e |
Tl1pl1CTOpOB Tl 11 |
T2, |
a nepesapan xonztencaropa fiyner |
rtpoacxoznrrs |
rro uenn 3-T6-T3-4. |
3TO |
COCTO}lHl1e COXpaHI1TC}l no MOMeHTa |
BpeMeHI1 f5, xorna BKJlIOQI1TC}l TI1PI1CTOP T4. KaK 11 B npezn.rztyutev nonynepnozte, pe3YJlbTaTOM }lBI1TC}l KOMMyTau.l1}l C T6 na T4, a K cyMMapHoM narpysxe rrpI1JlO)l(I1TC}l nanpazcenae E.
TaKI1M 06pa30M, MbI BI1.n:I1M, LITO B peaynsrare 'raxoro crroco6a ynpaanenas Tl1pl1CTOpaMI1 B nporaeacyrxax BpeMeHI1 (trf3) 11 (trf5) rrpl1 sanepzcxe BKJlIOQeHI1}l
Tl1pl1CTOpOB |
T2 |
11 T 4 |
rro OTHOIIIeHI1IO |
K MOMeHTy |
BpeMeHI1 BKJlIOQeHI1}l |
|||
Tl1pl1CTOpOB |
T5, |
TI |
11 T6, |
T3 K cyMMapHoM |
narpysxe |
nnaepropa He |
||
npaxnansmaerca |
aanpaacenae |
I1CTOQHI1Ka |
rrI1TaHI1}l, |
T. |
e. B |
paCCMOTpeHHOM |
||
cny-rae TaK)I(e rrpOI1Cxo.n:I1T IIIl1pOTHOe perynaposaane nxormoro nanpazcenaa, a TaK)I(e TOKa, LITO rr03BOJl}leT B IIII1POKI1X npenenax peryrmpoaars nanpazcenae aa
asrxone nasepropa.
1
......
Ig
E
C
L.-----l,l-+-----.-w
Pl1c.5.8. CI1JlOBa}l cxexra MOCTOBoro anaepropa C O.n:HI1M I1CTOQHI1KOM rnrranaa 11
.n:ByM}l .n:orrOJlHI1TeJlbHbIMI1 Tl1pl1CTOpaMI1
UeJleC006pa3HOCTb I1CrrOJlb30BaHI1}l nepsoii (pac.S.«) I1JlI1 BTOPOM (pl1c.5.8) cxexis: 3aBI1CI1T OT rnna I1CTOQHI1Ka naranaa 11 pe)l(l1Ma pa60TbI. ITPI1 rrl1TaHl111 OT neynpaanaevoro Bbmp}lMI1TeJl}l npenno-rnrrensna cxer-ra C Tl1pl1CTOpOM na axone, rrOCKOJlbKY rrOCJle.n:HI1M MO)l(eT 6bITb I1CrrOJlb30BaH .n:Jl}l 3aw.I1THbIX ueneii. ECJlI1 I1CTOQHI1K naranas npezicrasnaer C060M Tl1pl1CTOpHbIM asnrpasorrens, TO
63
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
HCnOJIb30BaHl1e BTOPOH CXeMbI rraer B03MO)KHOCTb YMeHbIIlHTb yCTaHOBJIeHHylO MOW.HOCTb ,n:OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX THpHCTOpOB, nOCKOJIbKY -repea HHX nporexaer TOK, KaK oro Gyzter nOKa3aHO HH)Ke, HaMHOrO MeHbIIlHH no cpaBHeHHIO C TOKOM OCHOBHbIX THpHCTOpOB.
Ha OCHOBe ,n:ByX cxev MOCTOBbIX HHBepTopOB MoryT 6bITb nocrpoensr nonyvocrcasre cxejasr C npHMeHeHHeM rpancdiopsraropa C HyJIeBbIM BbIBO,n:OM.
TaK, nanpnvep, cxeva C THpl1CTOpOM H ,n:HO,n:OM na axone 6y,n:eT HMeTb BH,n:, nOKa3aHHbIH na pHc.5.9, a.
ITpHHU:HnHaJIbHO ee pafiora aHaJIOrHqHa pafiore MOCTOBOH CXeMbI.
ITpe,n:nOJIO)KHM, qTO B YCTaHoBHBIIleMC}l pe)KHMe, nanpnxrep, K MOMeHTy BpeMeHH ts (CM. pHc.5.7, OCb 1) xonnencarop 6bIJI sapaxer: aarrpaacenaeu C nOJI}lpHOCTblO, YKa3aHHOH na pacynxe. B MOMeHT t3 orxpsmaerca THpHCTOp T1, Gnaroztapa qeMy ofipasyerca nern, paspana xonztencaropa 3-T1-J(-2-0-3. ITPH t=t-l orxpsmaerca THpHCTOp T, qTO BbI3bIBaeT KOMMyTaU:HIO TOKa C ,n:Ho,n:a J( aa THpHCTOp T, H K BXO,n:HbIM 3a)KHMaM annepropa 2-5 npHJIO)KHTC}l nanpazcenae E. 113MeH}l}l sanepacxy BKJIlOqeHH}l THpHCTOpOB T1 H T2 no OTHOIIleHHIO K MOMeHTy BKJIlOqeHH}l rnpacropa T, MO)KHO nJIaBHO H3MeH}lTb nanpszcenae na axone H
nsrxone naaepropa.
Pa60Ta cxexrsr, npe,n:cTaBJIeHHOH na pHc.5.9,6, nporexaer cneztytouuoa 06pa30M. ITyCTb no MOMeHTa BpeMeHH t2 (CM. pHc.5.7,oCb 3) TOK npOTeKaJI no uerm H KOH,n:eHcaTOp C HMeJI nOJI}lpHOCTb nanpaacenas, yxasanayro na pncymce. B MOMeHT t2 BKJIlOqaeTC}l THpHCTOp T3. Paspan xonnencaropa no uena
2-T3-1-E-4-T2-3 BbI3bIBaeT BbIKJIlOqeHHe THpHCTopa T2. I1CTOqHHK E
OTKJIlOqaeTC}l OT nxorta anaepropa, a TOK paspsna xonnencaropa nanaaaer nporexars no uenn 2-T3-1-0-3. B MOMeHT BpeMeHH t3 (ta ) BKJIlOqaeTC}l THpHCTOp Tl. 3TO BbI3bIBaeT KOMMyTaU:HIO TOKa C THpHCTopa T3 na T3, finaroztaps qeMy K ,n:poCCeJIIO L1 H K 3a)KHMaM rpancrpopvaropa npasnansmaerca nanpazcenae E
(CM. pHc.5.7, OCb 5). 113MeH}l}l MOMeHTbI BKJIlOqeHH}l THpHCTOpOB T3 H T4 no OTHOIIleHHIO K rnpacropav T1 H T2, MO)l(HO TaK)I(e nJIaBHO perynapoaars nanpaacenae na sxozte H ssrxone mraepropa.
a
/.1
.....------:"..u ----......4
El . --- KI ---- ; --- . - . : .. --......
4
Pl1c.5.9. CHJIOBble cxcsn.r mmepropoa C BbIXO,n:HbIM rpancrpopnaropov C
HyJIeBbIM BbIBO,n:OM: a - C THpHCTOpOM na axone; 6 - C,n:ByM}l ,n:onOJIHI1TeJIbHbIMH
THpHcTopaMH
64
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
5.2.3. XapaKTepHcTHKH rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO HHBepTopa C nmpoTHbIM peryJIHpOBaHHeM Harrp5DKeHH5I
COrJIaCHO [4], paCLJeT xapaxrepacrnx rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO nasepropa rrpn
Pa3JIHLJHbIX |
3HaLJeHH5IX |
napaverpa |
n=L/L |
B |
znrarraaoue |
H3MeHeHH5I |
|
OTHOCHTeJIbHOM: LJaCTOTbI |
yrrpaBJIeHH5I |
'70 = {Vo / {V |
= 0,7 -7- 0,95 ({Vo = 1/ .JLe; to |
||||
LJaCTOTa |
yrrpaBJIeHH5I) |
H |
)].06pOTHOCTH |
KOJIe6aTeJIbHOrO |
KOHTypa |
||
Q= moL / R = 2 -7- I 0 noxasana, |
LJTO axrnnaryzia OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO 3HaLJeHH5I aa |
||||||
narpysxe |
v: = UmH / E |
npn |
H3MeHeHHH n=5-7-20 |
rrpaKTHLJeCKH |
OCTaeTC5I |
||
rrOCT05lHHOM: H COXpaH5IeTC5I pe)KHM nenpepsmnoro BXO)].Horo TOKa.
HaLJHHa51 C n<4, nanpazcenae na narpysxe CHH)KaeTC5I, H mmeptop nepexozurr B pe)KHM npepsmncroro TOKa. Ha pHc.5.1 0 npasenenra 3aBHCHMOCTH OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX 3HaLJeHHM: Harrp5l)KeHH5I na narpysxe OT napaverpa n npa Pa3JIHLJHbIX yrnax peryJIHpOBaHH5I. Ha pHc.5.11 )].aHbI THrrHLJHble 3aBHCHMOCTH Harrp5l)KeHH5I na narpysxe OT yrna peryJIHpOBaHH5I )].JI5I pe)KHMOB nenpepsmaoro (pHc.5.II,a, n=IO) H rrpepsiaacroro (pHc.5.11 ,6, n=2) TOKa. AHaJIOrHLJHbIM: BH)]. ztanrrue 3aBHCHMOCTH HMeIOT, xorrta n<2.
n
J |
2 |
1 |
PHc.5.10. 3aBHcHMoCTH OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX 3HaLJeHHM Harrp5l)KeHH5I na aarpysxe OT napaverpa n npa Pa3JIHLJHbIX yrnax peryJIHpOBaHH5I
06III.HM |
aHaJIH3 |
paCLJeTHbIX |
xapaxrepncrmc |
napaJIJIeJIbHOrO |
||
naaepropa |
rr03BOJIHJI |
BbI5IBHTb |
pan |
ocofieuaocreji |
rrpn urapornov |
|
peryJIHpOBaHHH |
Harrp5l)KeHH5I. |
3aBHcHMoCTH |
OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX |
|||
MaKCHMaJIbHbIX |
3HaLJeHHM |
Harrp5l)KeHHH aa narpysxe OT yrrra peryJIHpOBaHH5I |
||||
HMeIOT BH)]. KOCHHyCOH)].bI |
npn |
pe)KHMe npepsisacroro TOKa, 60JIbllIHX |
||||
3HaLJeHH5IX |
)].06pOTHOCTH |
KOJIe6aTeJIbHOrO KOHTypa (Q >5) |
H OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX |
|||
65
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
xacrorax '70 = 0,7 -;- 0,85 . C YMeHbIIleHl1eM ,n:06pOTHOCTI1 11 YBeJIl1lfeHl1eM '70 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 CrrpSlMJISIIOTCSI. Xapaxrep Kpl1BOM 3aBI1CI1T OT COOTHOIIleHI1S1 ,n:06pOTHOCTI1 11 pacCTpOMKI1 '70'
3aBI1CI1MOCTb MO:>KeT I1MeTb BI1,n: KOCI1HYCOI1,n:bI rrpl1 HI13KI1X 3HalfeHI1S1X ,n:06pOTHOCTI1 11 '70 (nanpasrep, npn Q=411 '70=0,7). Yaenanenne '70 ztenaer ary 3aBI1CI1MOCTb rrpaxrn-iecxa JII1HeMHOM (0=4, '70=0,8). B pe:>KI1Me nenpepsruaoro
3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 I1MelOT npaxra-tecxa JII1HeMHbIM xapaxrep.
a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
~ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If |
_. |
\. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7f----1--~lo.c- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
~_+-- |
+--_+ |
|
_-__i |
|||||||
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
\---- |
+----l--~-_+-- |
_t_- |
|
____I |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
r-, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
-.. |
-, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
F="'-....:;+---.-.4---l---:-'r-+ |
--+---; |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
6 |
|
|
-, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
""' .... |
|
|
|
|
|
-, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
5 |
|
|
|
1'-. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
~ f----1---="-~~_-I---+---'\_-+-____l |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
~, |
|
'. "- |
r·':l)o~O.8S\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
c-; |
|
11.;0,9 |
|
|
|
|
llfO,8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
......, |
ry; |
|
~ |
|
|
" |
" |
'I |
|
\ |
|
) |
|
k1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
-- |
V-l~ |
' |
..... |
|
'~ |
|
|
|
|
|
'< |
|
|
|
1/\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
.. |
|
i'., |
~ |
|
|
|
|
~ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
2 |
~ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
"" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
r~- |
'~ |
|
|
~ |
|
|
|
|
|
...... |
|
"~ |
|
|
|
".. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
'JI.jo:91" |
|
|
|
|
S:::: |
..-.... |
|
|
.... |
|
~ |
|
|
.... |
|
~ |
|
72 |
90 |
|
|||||||||||||||
10 |
18 |
36 |
54 |
72 |
90 |
.108 |
126 |
144 |
162· |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Pl1c.5.11. 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 MaKCI1MaJIbHoro HarrpSl:>KeHI1S1 na narpysxe rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO I1HBepTOpa TOKa OT yrna peryJIl1pOBaHI1S1 npa Pa3JIl1lfHbIX 3HalfeHI1S1X Q 11 '70 B pexcnwax: a - nenpepsmnoro TOKa; 6 - npepsmacroro TOKa
Q =10 - CrrJIOIIIHbIe JIHHHH; Q =5 - IIITPHxoBbIe; Q =2 - IIITpHxrrYHKTHpHbIe
,l],l1arra30H peryJIl1pOBaHI1S1 HarrpSl:>KeHI1S1 3aBI1CI1T onSlTb-TaKI1 OT COOTHOIlIeHI1S1 BeJIl1lfl1H Q 11 '70' C YBeJII1QeHl1eM ,n:06pOTHOCTI1 11 YMeHbIIleHl1eM '70 zmanaaon peryJIl1pOBaHI1S1 YBeJIl1lfl1BaeTcSI. TaK, nanpaxrep, npn Q=10 11 '70 =0,8 OH COCTaBJISIeT CBbIIlIe CeMI1. ITPI1 3TOM »ce ,n:06pOTHOCTI1, HO rrpl1 '70 =0,9 ,n:l1arra30H peryJIl1pOBaHI1S1 CHI1:>KaeTCSI ,n:o 3,5, a rrpl1 Q=4 11 '70 =0,8 OH COCTaBJISIeT scero JII1IlIb 1,8. TaKI1M 06pa30M, ,n:aHHbIM cnocof peryJIl1pOBaHI1S1 HanpSl:>KeHI1S1 3epepeKTI1BeH npn 60JIbIlII1X ,n:06pOTHOCTSIX 11 HI13KI1X 3HalfeHI1S1X '70'
Oc06eHHocTblO pa60TbI rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO naaepropa npn IlIl1pOTHOM peryJIl1pOBaHl111 HarrpSl:>KeHI1S1, KaK 11 B cxeve rrOCJIe,n:oBaTeJIbHO-rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO
66
---------
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
ansepropa, |
~BJUIeTC~ |
OTJIW·me 3Ha1.JeHHH: |
BpeMeHH |
BOCCTaHOBJIeHH~ |
THpHCTOpOB |
aHOJJ:HOH:, |
KaTOJJ:HOH: rpyrrrr H |
JJ:OrrOJIHHTeJIbHbIX THpHCTOpOB. B |
|
peJKHMe nenpepsmnoro TOKa, KOrJJ:a BXOJJ:HOH: TOK HMeeT nefionsurae nynscauna, BpeM~ BOCCTaHOBJIeHH~ THpHCTOpOB aHOJJ:HOH rpyrrrrbI rrpaKTH1.JeCKH BO BCeM
JJ:Harra30He perYJIHpOBaHH~ OCTaeTC~ HeH3MeHHbIM I1 CHHJKaeTC~ na 10-20% |
B |
peJKHMe rrpepbIBI1CTOrO TOKa. |
|
Bpeva BOCCTaHOB.TIeHH~ THpHCTOpOB KaToJJ:HOH: rpyrmsr CHHJKaeTC~ |
C |
YBeJIH1.JeHl1eM yrrra perYJIHpOBaHH~ H TeM 60JIbllIe, 1.JeM MeHbllIe Jl06pOTHOCTb KOJIe6aTeJIbHOrO KOHTypa. Bpexra BOCCTaHOBJIeHH~ JJ:orrOJIHHTeJIbHbIX THpHCTOpOB (CM. pHc.5.6) YMeHbllIaeTc~ npa peryJIHpOBaHHH, HO ero 3Ha1.JeHHe HaMHoro npessnuaer 3Ha1.JeHH~ BpeMeHH BOCCTaHOBJIeHH~OCTaJIbHbIX THpHCTOpOB BO BceM JJ:Harra30He perYJIHpOBaHH~.3aBHcHMoCTH cpeznmx 3Ha1.JeHHH: TOKOB THpHCTOpOB
aHoJJ:HOH: (l~), KaToJJ:HOH: (l~) rpyrrrr, a TaKJKe JJ:orrOJIHHTeJIbHbIX THpHCTOpOB
( l~) npencrasnensr na pnc.S .12.
THrrH1.JHble 3aBHCHMOCTH BpeMeHI1 BOCCTaHOBJIeHH~ THpHCTOpOB OT yrJIa
peryJIHpOBaHH~npaaezteasr na pnc.S .13.
|
|
|
o |
J6 |
72 |
108 144" |
|
PHc.5.12. 3aBHcHMoCTH cpermnx |
PHc.5.13. 3aBl1CHMOCTH BpeMeHH |
||||||
3Ha1.JeHHH: TOKOB THpHCTOpOB |
BOCCTaHOBJIeHH~THpHCTOpOB |
||||||
rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO anaepropa OT yrna |
rrapaJIJIeJIbHOrO nnaepropa 6e3 ofiparnsrx |
||||||
peryJIHpOBaHH~ npn n= 1, 770=0,8 H Q~ |
JJ:HOJJ:OB OT yrna perYJIHpOBaHH~npn |
||||||
=10 |
Pa3JIH1.JHbIX 3Ha1.JeHH~X |
Q (770 =0,8 H |
|||||
|
|
|
|
n=10); |
|
|
|
|
, |
, |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
ta , |
t K • |
t() - BpeMjI BOCCTaHOBJIeHHjI |
||||
THpHCTOpOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO aHO,llHOH:,
KaTO,llHOH: rpyrm Mona H ,llOnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX
THpHCTOpOB
67
c=------ |
|
-- ------------ |
..L - |
----------------------------_ |
|
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
HCCJIe,UOBaHlfe <pOPMbI KplfBOH BbIXO,UHOrO
nOKa3aJIO, qTO OHa MaJIO OTJIlfqaeTC~ OT CIfHYCOIf,UaJIbHOH BO scev ,Ulfana30He perynnpoaaans npn npepbIBIfCTOM BXO,UHOM TOKe. Ilpa nenpepsianon TOKe ysenaaenae yrrra perynaposanaa nparcnrnecxn He npIfBO,UIfT K 1f3MeHeHlfIO COCTaBa rapMOHIfK B KplfBOH aanpaxcenna na narpysxe. 3TO ziaer B03MO)l(HOCTb IfCnOJIb30BaTb npafimosenayro MeTo,UIfKy pacxera xapaxrepacrax napaJIJIeJIbHOrO nnaepropa C y-rerov rraun, nepsoii rapjaonaxa TOKa B TOM zmanaaoae 1f3MeHeHIf~ napaverpoa If qaCTOT, xorzta <popMa aanpaacenna na narpysxe nplf OTCyTCTBlf1f peryrrapoaanna 6JIlf3Ka K CIfHYCOIf,UaJIbHOH. onpeneneaas 06JIaCTIf TaKIfX napaverpoa MoryT 6bITb IfCnOJIb30BaHbI ,UaHHble, 1f3BeCTHble B riareparype npavemrrensno K cxeMaM napaJIJIeJIbHOrO nnaepropa, B KOTOpbIX OTCyTCTByIOT ,UonOJIHIfTeJIbHble TIfPIfCTOPbI ,UJI~ perynnpoaaaas nanpsacenns.
Cpe,UHHe 3HaqeHIf~ TOKOB rnpncropoa B napaJIJIeJIbHOM HHBepTope IfMeIOT 're )l(e COOTHOllieHIf~, qTO If B nOCJIe,UOBaTeJIbHO-napaJIJIeJIbHOH cxeve. Bo scev ,UHana30He 1f3MeHeHIf~ yrna perynnposanaa cpennee ana-reuae TOKa ,UonOJIHHTeJIbHbIX rapncropoa pasno 0,3-0,5 TOKa OCHOBHbIX THpHCTOpOB npn OTCyTCTBHH perynapoaanas, finaroztaps qeMy HX YCTaHOBJIeHHa~ MOIUHOCTb
COCTaBJI~eT TaKyIO )l(e ,UOJIIO OT MOIUHOCTIf OCHOBHbIX THpHCTOpOB.
5.3. HHBepTopbI TOKa C OTceKaIOIUIfMIf ).l,lfo,UaMIf Ha o).l,HoonepalJ,lfOHHbIX THpHcTopax
Bsnue 6bIJIa orneneaa HeB03MO)l(HOCTb IfCnOJIb30BaHIf~ KJIaCClfqeCKIfX naaepropoa TOKa ,UJI~ 3JIeKTpOnpHBo,Ua nepevenaoro TOKa 1f3-3a paspszia xonnencaropa na HarpY3KY. Ha pHc.5.18 npasezrensr ycoaepureacrsoaaanue cxevsr ozmodrasnoro If rpextpasnoro nnsepropos TOKa, B KOTOpbIX KOH,UeHcaTopbI C nOMOIUbIO ,UIfO,UOB OTKJIIOqaIOTC~ ((OTCeKaIOTc~») OT narpysxa, qTO ,UeJIaeT B03MO)l(HbIM pafiory ansepropon B IlIlfpOKOM ,Ulfana30He 1f3MeHeHH~ -racrn.
A
B |
[) |
C
PIfC. 5.14. Cxeva O,UH0<pa3HOrO naaepropa TOKa (a) H spevenaas naarpanva
BbIXO,UHoro TOKa (6)
68
----- -- ----~_._------------ |
_._---------- |
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
PaCCMOTpl1M npmnnm pa60TbI TaKI1X I1HBepTOpOB na npavepe ozmorpaanoro MOCTOBOrO I1HBepTOpa C OTCeKaIOlll,I1MI1 ,n:110,n:aMI1 (pl1c.5.15). Ero pafiora nporexaer CJIe,n:yIOlll,I1M 06pa30M. ,l],onycTI1M, npOBO,n:5IT TOK Tl1pl1CTOpbI Tl, T2. B pe3YJIbTaTe TOK ld, npOTeKa5I xepea THpl1CTOp Tl pa3BeTBJI5IeTC5I na rpn
TOKa: TOK sapsna KOH,n:eHCaTOpa C1 nporexaer no uena T1-C1-1(3-1(2-T2, TOK HarpY3KI1 IH no uerm Tl-Ill-a-Zu -1(2-T2; TOK sapsna xoanescaropa C2 no uena
Tl-1(1-J(4-C2-T2. B pe3YJIbTaTe JIeBbIe 06KJIa,n:KH xoazteacaropoa npl106peTaIOT nOJI5IpHOCTb nJIIOC 11 He MoryT pa3p5I)KaTbC5I na conpOTHBJIeHl1e Harpy3KI1, nOCKOJIbKY paspany xonzteacaropa C1 no uenn +CI-Ii1-ZwI(3- -C1 npen5ITCTByeT ,n:110,n: 1(3. Pa3P5I,n:y xonzieacaropa C2 no uena +C2-1(4-ZH -1(2 npen5ITCTByeT ,n:HO,n: 1(4. ITPH BKJIIOQeHl111 Tl1pl1CTOpOB T3,T4 o6pa3yIOTC5I zrsa KOHTypa KOMMyTall,I1H Tl1pl1CTOpOB C TOKaMI1 i K1, iK2, xoropsre BbIKJIIOQaIOT Tl1pl1CTOpbI Tl 11 T2. AHaJIOrl1QHbIM o6pa30M nporexaer pafiora rpexdiasnoro MOCTOBoro I1HBepTOpa C OTCeKaIOlll,I1MI1 ,n:110,n:aMH (pnc.S .15). I1HBepTopbI B
paCCMaTpl1BaeMOM crry-rae nl1TaIOTC5I OT rpexrpasnsrx MOCTOBbIX ynpaBJI5IeMbIX BbIIlp5IMI1TeJIei1. B. Onnaxo I1X I1CnOJIb30BaHI1e ,n:JI5I peryJII1pOBaHI15I Hanp5I)KeHl15I na narpysxe H3-3a 60JIbllIoi1. I1H,n:YKTI1BHOCTI1 npoccens Ld 3HaQl1TeJIbHO CHI1)KaeT 6blcTpo,n:ei1.cTBl1e npe06pa30BaTeJI5I.
a
()
Pl1c.5.15. Cxexsa rpexrpasnoro mmepropa C OTCeKaIOlll,I1MI1 ,n:110,n:aMI1 TOKa (a) 11 BpeMeHHa5I zmarpavva cPa3HOrO TOKa HarpY3KI1 npn yrne npoBo,n:I1MOCTI1 THpHCTOpOB, paanov 1200 (6)
3TO TaK)Ke 5IBJI5IeTC5I He,n:OCTaTKOM I1HBepTOpOB TOKa. Oznraxo cneztyer OTMeTI1Tb, QTO HaJIHQl1e ,n:pOCceJI5I Ld na axone mmepropa 5IBJI5IeTC5I xopoureii
69
.--------
НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ
3aIlVfTOM HHBepTOpa OT KOpOTKI1X 3aMbIKaHl1M npa ero onpoxnnsrsanaa. 3Tl1M 06bSlCHSleTCSI rtpaxra-recxoe npaveaeaae AI1T ,no rrOSlBJIeHl1S1 aBTOHOMHbIX l1HBepTOpOB nanpsacenaa (AI1H) C npasrenenaei« WHM rro Cl1HYCOl1,naJIbHOMY
saxony.
5.4.I1HBepTopbI TOKa Ha rrOJIHOCTbJO yrrpaBJISIeMbIX rrOJIyrrpOBO,IJ;Hl1KOBbIX rrp1160pax
Cepl1MHbIM BbIIlyCK zrayxonepauaonnr,rx Tl1pl1CTOpOB 11 TpaH311CTOpOB na TOKl1 ,nO 3000 A 11 HarrpSl:>KeHl1S1 ,no 3000 B rr03BOJIl1JI B 3HaQl1TeJIbHOM Mepe YJIYQIlIl1Tb xapaxrepacraxa l1HBepTOpOB TOKa. Cxexrsr l1HBepTOpoB TOKa,
BbIIlOJIHeHHbIe na l1X OCHOBe, He Hy:>K,naJOTCSI B rrpaveaemra OTCeKalOIUl1X ,n110,nOB 11 MOIUHbIX KOH,neHcaTopOB, 06eCrrelll1BalOIUI1X nazteacnoe sanapanae ozmoonepauaonasix Tl1pl1CTOpOB.
T1
B
s
I ~
\
|
lcl |
/) |
|
||
v |
|
|
0 t: 2n
Pl1c.5.l6. Cxeva O,nH0cPa3HOrO MOCTOBoro l1HBepTOpa na nsyxonepauaoanux Tl1pl1CTOpaX (a) 11 speaennas ,nl1arpaMMa TOKa (6)
70