Кулик В.Д. - Силовая электроника. Автономные инверторы, активные преобразователи - 2010

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

rpn uyrrs-opraira HO 11 urccrs cPOpMl1pOBaTeJIeH I1MrrYJIbCOB ynpaanenas TpaH311CTOpaMI1 I1HBepTOpa <1> 1-=-<1>6.

I

r--------~-A

r

Pl1c.2.18. CI1JIOBa~ cxexra (1) 11 6JIOK-CXeMa ynpaBJIeHI15I (2) 'rpexrpaaaoro MOCTOBoro nnaepropa C1lI11pOTHo-I1MrryJIbCHbIM peryJIl1pOBaHl1eM Hanp5I)l(eHI15I rro CI1HYCOH.ll,aJIbHOMY saxony

Ha ueanaeprapyiomae BXO.ll,bI ayns-opraaos rrO.ll,aIOTC5I MO.ll,YJII1PYlOlUl1e

Harrp5I)l(eHI15I CHHyCOI1.ll,aJIbHOH cPOPMbI UM/, U,w, UMJ, C.ll,BI1HYTble Me)l(.ll,y co6o:H:

na 1200 (pl1c.2.l9,a). Onopnoe nanpxacenae uon, npeztcraansrouiee C060H

.ll,ByrrOJI5IpHOe nanpazcenae nanooopasaoti epOpMbI (pl1c.2.20), nonaercs na nemmeprapyrourae BXO.ll,bI 'rpex HO (pl1c.2.18). KaK 11 B cnysae O.ll,H0cPa3HOrO nnaepropa cpafiarsmauae ayns-opranos HO rrponcxozurr B MOMeHTbI paBeHCTBa

orropnoro Uon 11 MO.ll,YJII1PYlOlUI1X Hanp5I)l(eHI1H UMf, UM2, uMJ" Flpiorest, eCJII1

UM<Uon na suxone HO <pOPMI1PYIOTC~ rrOJIO)KI1TeJIbHble I1MrrYJIbChI Harrp5I)l(eHI15I. I1PI1 U,H>UOII - orpauarensnsre (pl1c.2.19).

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

(pl1c.2.20) nonarorca COOTBeTCTBeHHO aa napsr TpaH311CTOpOB T1, T4; T3, T6; T5, T2 (pl1c.2.18). TIpl1 3TOM )],JHI. I1CKJIlOqeHI1j1 CKB03HbIX TOKOB BKJIlOQeHl1e scrynatomero B pafiory TpaH311CTOpa BeTBI1 rrpOI1CXO)],I1T rrOCJIe BOCCTaHOBJIeHI1S1. aanapaioumx csoacrn BbIKJIlOQaeMOrO TpaH3l1CTOpa BeTBI1.

UM1

UM2

UM3

u;~-+-+-+~r+"","",,=~""'''''-I~~!-I''''''~~~~PolIlI~l-1~'''F---i.

t

Pl1c.2.19. Kpnasre BXO)],HbIX (a) 11 BbIXO)],HbIX (6) Harrpjl)KeHI1M HyJIb-OpraHOB:

a - UMJ, UMb UM3 - MO)],yJIl1pylOlI.l,l1e Harrpjl)KeHl1j1, lion - orropHoe

aanpascenae; 6 - UA, Us, Uc - nsrxonasre nanpszceaaa ayns-opranon

BeTBI1 TpaH3l1CTOpOB yrrpaBJISl.lOTCSI. co C)],Bl1rOM 1200 ztpyr OTHOCl1TeJIbHO ztpyra, TIpl1 TaKOM ynpaaneana TpaH3l1CTOpaMI1 MOCTa na ero BbIXO)],HbIX

3a)KI1MaX <P0PMI1PYlOTCSI. I1MrrYJIbCbI JII1HeMHOro nanpazceaaa, umpaaa KOTOpbIX

32

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

,lJ,OCTl1:raeTC5I 113MeHeHl1eM l.faCTOTbI MO,lJ,yJmpyIOlll,l1X Harrp5l:)KeHl1H

a H3MeHeHHe aMrrmny,lJ,bI nepnoii rapMOHHKH BbIXO,lJ,HOrO Harrp5l)KeHH5I ­ H3MeHeHHeM aMrrJIl1TY,lJ,bI MO,lJ,yJmpyIOlll,HX narrpaaceaaii.

21C

31UA .

.!h -+t-ft+HI1Ii ~f-tl-

83---t'!--!i-++f.I"

Uti

PHc.2.20. KpHBbIe HMrryJIbCOB yrrpaBJIeHH5I Ur-':-U6 TpaH3HcTopaMH, cPa3HbIX

narrpxacenaii UA , Us, Uc H JIHHeHHOro Harrp5l)KeHH5I UAB rpexdiaaaoro anaepropa C urapcrno-avny.n.casm peryJIHpOBaHHeM rro canycoanansnovy saxony

Ha pHc.2.20 epOpMHpOBaHH5I rpexdiasaoro Harrp5l)KeHH5I

rrpa paccaorpemroii auure CHCTeMe yrrpaBJIeHH5I TpaH3HcTopaMH mrseptopa ,lJ,JI5I cJIYl.fa51 l.fHCTO aKTHBHoH HarpY3KH, COe,lJ,HHeHHOH B asesny.

33

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

<!>OpMl1pOBaHl1e epa3Horo Harrp5DKeHl151 aa KmK.n.OM l13 OTpe3KOB spevean,

OrpaHI1y.eHHOM BepTI1KaJIhHhIMl1 WTPl1XOBbIMl1 JIl1Hl151Ml1 (pl1c.2.20),

npI1Be.n.eHHhIMl1 l13 TOy.eK nepecexeaaa Mo.n.YJmpYlOml1X Kpl1BbIX UMI, UMb UM3 C

rpaepIfKOM onopnoro HarrpSDKeHl151 rrpOH3Bo.n.HTC5I aHaJIOrHl.JHO

paCCMOTpeHHoMy panee cPOpMl1pOBaHHlO nanpsacenaa KJIlOl.JeBOH Mo)],eJIl1 I1HBepTOpa (pIfc.2.16) 6e3 WHM na OTpe3Ke BpeMeHl1 tus. TaK, nanpnaep, na

Taxovy BKJIlOl.JeHHlO TpaH3HCTOpOB COOTBeTcTByeT cxexia coe.n.HHeHH5I COrrpOTl1BJIeHl1H HarpY3KH nuaepropa, rrpe.n.CTaBJIeHHa51 na pl1c.2.21, a. B )],aHHOM cnyxae corrpOTHBJIeHl151 epa3 B l1 C BKJIlOl.JeHhI rrapaJIJIeJIhHO, 6JIaro.n.ap51 y.eMy

nanpaacenae na Hl1X U A , Uc COCTaBJI5IeT l1 6y)],eT l1MeTb orpnuarensuoe 3Hay.eHl1e, nOCKOJIbKY rrpoTeKaHHe TOKa B HHX HarrpaBJIeHO BCTpey.Ho yCJIOBHO

npIfH5IToMY nanpaaneumo. OTpe3KaM spevena 9 = 9( H 9 = 93 coorsercrayror

cxesrs: BKJIlOl.JeHH5I conpOTHBJIeHHH, npeztcraaneamax aa pHc.2.21,a, 2.21,B. Jlnneiinoe nanpsxcenae UAB=U.rUB na 3TOM OTpe3Ke spevemr U..w=2/3£+ 1/3£=£

BHe)],peHl151 nonoro runa upeofipasosarenea, n03BOJI5IlOmHX npn JIlO6bIX snnax HarpY3Kl1 perynupoaars H nonnepacnsars coso> 1, KaK H B cnyxae l.Jl1CTO aKTI1BHOH HarpY3Kl1 [3]. BbIrrp5lMHTeJIH raxoro runa B JIl1TepaType rrOJIYl.JIfJIl1

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

HaHMeHOBaHHe «aKTHBHbIX Bbmp}lMHTeJleH». I1pHHUHrr ):{eHCTBH}I raxoro asmpasnrrena paCCMOTpHM na npavepe pa60TbI HaH60Jlee rrpOCTOrO ero sapaairra, cxeva xoroporo npencrasnena na pHC.3 .1.

c

a

PHc.3 .1. O):{Hoepa3HbIH aKTHBHbIH npeofipasoaarern, C O):{HHM Kmo~eBbIM 3JleMeHTOM: a-CHJlOBa}l cxeva; 6 -icpassre TOKOB Harrp}l)J(eHHH

Oco6eHHOCTblO TaKOH cxexn.r }IBJl}leTC}I TO, ~TO BKJllO~eHHbIH na nuxozte npoccens EP, Ha3bIBaeMbIH 6yepepHbIM peaxropov HJlH HaKOrrHTeJleM 3HeprHH, ofinanaer He3Ha~HTeJlbHOH HH):{yKTHBHOCTblO L. IT03TOMY npa rrOJl}lpHOCTH aanpsxenaa cern 6e3 cxofiox H OTKpbITOM rpansacrope T, rrpOTeKalOI.U.HH -repea

Hero TOK xoporxoro 3aMbIKaHH}I rro uena (+U)-,l(l-EP-T-,l(2-(-u) fiyzter napacrars osem, 6bICTpO, CO CKOpOCTblO di/dt-ull.. ITP0):{OJl)J(HTeJlbHOCTb BKJllO~eHH}I

TPaH3HcTopa BbI6HpaeTC}I TaKoBoH, ~To6bI sa BpeM}I nporexanns TOKa ero 3Ha~eHHe He npeaocxoznrno zronycrnvoro. ITPH BbIKJllO~eHHH TpaH3HCTopa B npoccene B03HHKaeT 3)J,C caMoHH):{yKuHH e--Ldi/dt, KOTOpa}l B cosoxyrrnocra C nanpaacenaev cera fiyner sapaacars xonnencarop ):{O nanpaxceaaa,

npesocxoztsutero nanpaacenae cern. ITPH 3TOM aaxonneanaa B peaxrope WL=LI/ sa BpeM}I BbIKJllO~eHH}I rpansacropa fiyzter nocrynars B KOH):{eHcaTOp.

Enaronapa HaJIH~HlO ):{Ho):{a,l( paspxn xonnencaropa rtpn OTKpbITOM rpaasncrope

35

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

rrpOI1CXO,Il}1T TOJIbKO na narpysxy RH • ECJII1 na TpaH3I1CTOp T B resenae norrynepaona "lfaCTOTbI cera nozranarr, yrrpaBJI5IIOIUHe HMrrYJIbCbI, IIlI1pI1Ha KOTOpbIX H3MeH5IeTC5I rro CI1HYCOH,Il,aJIbHOMY saxony, TO rroTpe6JI5IeMbIH OT cern TOK 1, BBH,Il,y BbICOKOH "lfaCTOTbI HMrryJIbCOB, 6Y,Il,eT MaJIO OTJIH"lfaTbC5I OT CI1HYCOH,Il,aJIbHOH <l>OPMbI. 113MeH5I5I <pa3Y noaa-m HMrryJIbCOB OTHOCHTeJIbHO Harrp5l:>KeHH5I cern, MO:>KHO perYJII1pOBaTb yrOJI C,Il,BHra Me:>K,Il,y HHMH BrrJIOTb ,Il,0 qJ=O. ,l.:J:JI5I rrOJIy"lfeHH5I TaKHX HMrryJIbCOB yrrpaBJIeHH5I MO:>KeT 6bITb HCrrOJIb30BaHO

yCTpOHCTBO IIlI1pOTHo-HMrryJIbCHOH MO,Il,YJI5III.I1H, paCCMOTpeHHoe panee

(pI1c.2. 7,a,pI1c.2.11). qacToTa MO,Il,yJIHpyJOIUero Harrp5l:>KeHH5I raxoro ycrpoiicrsa

,Il,OJI:>KHa 6bITb crporo panna -racrore rrI1TaIOIUeH cern. 113MeH5I5I aMrrJII1TY,Il,y H

<Pa3Y MO,Il,YJII1pYIOIUeH CHHyCOI1,Il,bI UM, MO:>KHO perynaponarr, aMrrJIHTY,Il,y I1 <l>a3y rroTpe6JI5IeMOrO TOKa OTHOCHTeJIbHO Harrp5l:>KeHH5I cera.

OTMeTHM OCHOBHble oc06eHHOCTH xapaKTepHCTHK aKTI1BHOrO BbIIIp5lMHTeJI5I:

- He06xo,Il,HMOCTb BKJIIO"lfeHH5I na BbIXO,Il,e KOH,Il,eHCaTOpa rrapaJIJIeJIbHO narpysxe H ,Il,pOCceJI5I C He60JIblliOH HH,Il,yKTHBHOCTbJO, arparomero POJIb orpaHWII1TeJI5I (6Y<l>epHoro peaxropa EP) TOKa xoporxoro 3aMbIKaHH5I H HaKOrrHTeJI5I 3HeprHH;

-npn OTKpbITOM KJIJOl.feBOM 3JIeMeHTe na OTpe3Ke BpeMeHH f) = f)]

(pHc.3.1,6) narpyaxa C rrOMOIUbIO HeyrrpaBJI5IeMOrO ,Il,HO,Il,a OTceKaeTC5I OT cern, nOCKOJIbKY Uc>U, TOK cern B03paCTaeT;

- rtpn 3aKpbITOM yrrpaBJI5IIOIUeM 3JIeMeHTe na OTpe3Ke BpeMeHI1 f) = f)2 TOK cern, CHH:>Ka5lCb, rrpO,Il,OJI:>KaeT nporexars l.fepe3 KOH,Il,eHCaTOp rrpeBbIlIIeHHIO ero Hanp5l:>KeHH5I cyMMapHbIM nanpaacetmev cern CaMOHH,Il,yKII.HH e-.

PaCCMOTpeHHa51 cxeva aKTI1BHOrO Bbmp5lMI1TeJI5I n03BOJI5IeT CHH3HTb <l>a3Y C,Il,BI1ra nOTpe6JI5IeMOrO OT CeTI1 TOKa OTHOCHTeJIbHO Hanp5l:>KeHH5I qJ rrpaxrnuecxa ,Il,0 HyJI5I, HO He MO:>KeT ofiecne-nrrr, onepe:>KaIOIUHH C,Il,BHr TOKa OTHOCI1TeJIbHO Harrp5l:>KeHI151, T.e. ofiecne-nrn, pafiory B I1HBepTOpHOM pe:>KHMe.

3.1. O).l;Hoepa3HbIH MOCTOBOH aKTHBHbIH BbIIIp5lMHTeJIb Hanp5l:>KeHH5I (ABH)

CHJIOBa51 cxexra TaKoro npe06pa30BaTeJI5I npaaenena na pHc.3.2. B

OTJIHl.fHe OT paccvorpennoa BbIlIIe cxexrsr aKTHBHoro Bbmp5lMHTeJI5I (pHc.3.1) pafiora npe,Il,CTaBJIeHHOrO ycrpoiicrsa MO:>KeT nporexarr, KaK B pe:>KHMe aKTHBHoro BbIIIp5lMHTeJI5I Hanp5l:>KeHH5I, TaK I1 B pe:>KI1Me nnaepropa, Be,Il,OMOrO cersro, C peryJIHpOBaHHeM nyrev 1I1I1M no CHHyCOH,Il,aJIbHOMy saxony BbIXO,Il,HOrO TOKa.

PaCCMOTpI1M pafiory raxoro npe06pa30BaTeJI5I, 06paTHBlIIHcb K ero CHJIOBOH cxeve (pnc.Lz,a) H KpHBbIM TOKOB H Hanp5l:>KeHHH (3.2,6). CHJIOBa51 cxeva nOJIHOCTbIO connanaer co cxevoa ozmodiasnoro aBTOHOMHoro nnsepropa (pl1c.2.8) Hanp5l:>KeHI151 (Al1H) H npe,Il,CTaBJI5IeT C060H annepcnoe OTHOCI1TeJIbHO 3a:>KI1MOB nI1TaHH5I H HarpY3KI1 BKJIIOl.feHHe cxexrst AI1H. XapaKTepHbIMH oc06eHHOCT5IMH, npHcYIUHMH aKTHBHoMy npe06pa30BaTeJIIO,51BJI5IIOTC5I [6]:

36

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

HaJIH"LIHe rrOJIHOCTbJO yrrpaBJI5IeMbIX co BCTPe"LIHO-rrapaJIJIeJIbHO BKJIJO"LIeHHbIM TpaH3HCTOpOM H .n:HO.n:OM KJIJO"LIeM YK 1-YK4, 06Pa3YJOI.IJ;HMH MOCTOBOM rrOJIyrrpoBo.n:HHKOBbIM KOMMyTaTop IlK;

-HaJIH"LIHe fiyrpepnoro peaxropa (EP), BKJIJO"LIeHHOrO B znraronans MOCTa rro nepereennovy TOKy;

-HaJIH"LIHe xourtencaropa C, BKJIJO"LIeHHOrO rrapaJIJIeJIbHO narpysxe,

rrpe.n:cTaBJI5IJOI.IJ;eM B paccMaTpHBaeMoM CJIy"LIae rrOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHOe coe.n:HHeHHe aKTHBHoro corrpOTHBJIeHH5I s; H 3)],C Eli.

3TH oCo6eHHocTH B CO"LIeTaHHH C aJIrOpHTMoM yrrpaBJIeHH5I KJIJO"LIaMH MeTo.n:oM IIH1M rro CHHyCOH.n:aJIbHOMy saxony o6eCrre"LIHBaJOT pafiory rrpe06pa30BaTeJI5I KaK B pe:>KHMe aKTHBHoro BbIIlp5lMHTeJI5I, TaK H B pe:>KHMe nuaepropa, o6eCrre"LIHBa51 nepenasy 3HeprHH OT rrHTaJOI.IJ;eM cern K narpyaxe H 06paTHO. Y CTpOMCTBO yrrpaBJIeHH5I KJIJO"LIaMH YK 1-YK4 nonynposommxonoro KOMMyTaTopa IlK B 060HX pe:>KHMaX cooraercrsyer CHCTeMe llU1M rro CHHyCOH.n:aJIbHOMy saxony rpexrpasnoro MOCTOBoro nuaepropa, paccuorpeanoro

nsnue, <!>OpMHpoBaHHe HMrryJIbCOB yrrpaBJIeHH5I KJIJO"LIaMH YK 1-YK4 JIerKO

npocnenars rro TO"LIKaM nepecesenas MO.n:yJIHpyJOI.IJ;HX CHHyCOH.n: UMh UM2,

C.n:BHHyTbIx ztpyr OTHOCHTeJIbHO ztpyra na 180°, C rrHJIoo6pa3HbIM .n:ByxrrOJI5IpHbIM

onopauv nanpaxceaaen UOll (pnc.L'I,a). Ha pHc.3.3,6,B rrpasenensr

COOTBeTCTBeHHO CcPOpMHpoBaHHbIe TaKHM nyresr HMrrYJIbChI ynpaBJIeHH5I KJIJO"LIaMH YK1, YK4 H YK2, YK3.

1'13 paccMOTpeHH5I .n:HarpaMMbI BKJIJO"LIeHH5I KJIJO"LIeM YK 1+YK4 (pHc.3.3,6,B) cneztyer, "LITO nayssr Me:>K.n:y HMrryJIbCaMH suxonaoro Harrp5l:>KeHH5I

Uae B Te"LIeHHe rronyrrepnozta 06pa3yJOTC5I B pe3YJIbTaTe 3aMbIKaHH5I KJIJO"LIeM YK 1, YK3 HJIH YK2, YK4.

C rrOMOI.IJ;bJO KJIJO"LIeM YK 1-YK4 B .n:HarOHaJIH MOCTa rro nepeveaaowy TOKy na 3a:>KHMaX a-e rronyrrpoaormmconoro KOMMyTaTopa IlK cPOpMHpyJOTC5I HMrrYJIbCbI Harrp5l:>KeHH5I, rnapana KOTOpbIX H3MeH5IeTC5I rro CHHyCOH.n:aJIbHOMy saxony o.n:HOBpeMeHHO 3aMKHYTbIX KJIJO"LIaX YK1, YK2

rrOJIO:>KHTeJIbHbIM rrOJIJOc Harrp5l:>KeHH5I xonztencaropa Uc rro.n:KJIJO"LIaeTC5I K 3a:>KHMy

«a», a oTpHI.J:aTeJIbHbIM - K 3a:>KHMy «8». Ilpn o.n:HOBpeMeHHOM 3aMhIKaHHH KJIJO"LIeM YK 1, YK3 HJIH YK2, YK4 3a:>KHMbI a-e 3aKOpa"LIHBaJOTC5I H aanpazceaae na HHX CTaHOBHTC5I paBHhIM HyJIJO (naysa). B pe3YJIbTaTe na 3a:>KHMaX a-8 cPopMHpyeTc5I YCJIOBHbIM rrOJIO:>KHTeJIbHbIM HMrryJIbC Hanp5l:>KeHH5I. AHaJIOrH"LIHbIM 06pa30M na 3a:>KHMaX a-8 cPOpMHpyJOTC5I orpanarensnsre HMrrYJIbCbI Harrp5l:>KeHH5I.

Bsrcora HMrryJIbCOB panna Harrp5l:>KeHHJO Uc na xonzteacarope. I13MeH5I5I cPa3Y

Mo.n:eJIHpyJOI.IJ;eM CHHyCOH.n:bI ycrpoiicrna yrrpaBJIeHH5I OTHOCHTeJIbHO cPa3bI Harrp5l:>KeHH5I cera, MO:>KHO perynapoaars cPa3Y HMrryJIbCOB Hanp5l:>KeHH5I Uae

OTHOCHTeJIbHO Hanp5l:>KeHH5I cern U. Ha pHc.3.2,6 npaaeziea CJIy"LIaM, xorna

HMnYJIbCbI Hanp5l:>KeHH5I Uae C.n:BHHyTbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO cPa3bI Hanp5l:>KeHH5I cern U na 90°. Paccxto'rpav nonpofino pafiory npcofipasonarena B TaKOM pe:>KHMe, COOTBeTcTByJOI.IJ;eM pafiore aKTHBHoro Bbmp5lMHTeJI5I Hanp5l:>KeHH5I (ABH). B npouexyrxe BpeMeHH 9 = 9() - 91 (pHC.3.2,6) na 3a:>KHMaX a-e cPOpMHpyJOTC5I

37

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

orpauarensnsre HMrrynhchI I1x epOpMHpOBaHHe rrpOXO.nHT cnenyrouiav

06pa30M. Ha OTpe3KaX BpeMeHH naya Me)l(.ny HMrrynhcaMH, xorna rrpOHCXO.nHT 3aMhIKaHHe xnroueii YK4 H YK2, B YK4 OTKphIBalOT TpaH3HCTOp. B peaynsrare npn rrOmlpHOCTH nanpaxcenaa cern, 0603HaqeHHOH 6e3 CKo6oK, TOK nore-ier rro

uerm YK2 OTKphIBaeTC~ aBTOMaTHqeCKH sa c-rer

OTKphIBaHH~ero .nHo.na )],2.

3a)l(HMhI a-6 3aMhIKaIOTC~. B pesynsrare nponcxoznrr 3aMhIKaHHe HCTOqHHKa cern na 6yepepHhIH peaxrop E<1>. CKOpOCTh HapaCTaHH~ TOKa npn 3TOM fiyncr pasna

di / dt = U / L,

rne L - HH.nYKTHBHOCTh peaxropa.

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PHc.3.2. O.nHOepa3HhIH MOCTOBOH: aKTHBHhIH npeofipaaoaarem, nanpaaceaaa: a - CHJIOBa~ cxesra; 6 - KpHBhIe TOKa H nanpsoseaas

38

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

I1P0):(OJDKMTeJlbHOCTb TaKOrO COCT05lHMe onpeztenser naysy Me)I():(y MMrryJlbCaMM, KOTOpa51 OKaHl.JMBaeTC5I B MOMeHT BKJlJOl.JeHM5I TpaH3MCTOpa T3 KJlJOl.Ja YK3. I1pM BKJlJOl.JeHMM T3 rrpOMCXO):(MT KOMMyTaUM5I TOKa C ):(Mo):(a,[(2 na rpansacrop T3 rro uena +Uc-T3-,[(2-(-Uc). ,n:Mo):(,[(2 sanapaercs aanpaaceaaev

CMCTeMOM ynpanneaaa M3MeH5IeTC5I rrOJl5lpHOCTb MMrryJlbCOB Harrp5l)I(eHM5I Uoa nyrev cnezryroutero aJIrOpMTMa BKJlJOl.JeHM5I KJlJOl.JeH. Ha crpesxe BpeMeHM 1=1rl2 na rrpOT5I)I(eHMM Ka)I():(oH nayasr 3a)I(MMbI a-e 3aMbIKaJOTC5I, uanpavep,

BKJlJOl.JeHMeM TPaH3McTopa T3 M ):(Mo.na,[(1. B pesynr.rare TOK ncrexer rro uerm

(+U}-EP-a-,[(1-T3-e-(-U). Bo BpeM5I nayasr npoacxonnr aapacranne TOKa M

BbIKJlJOl.JeHMM rpaasacropa T3. B03HMKaeT 3,n:C caMoMH):(yKuMM ec, KOTOpa51 B cosoxynaocra C nanpaacenaev cern U CTaHeT nposoznrn, TOK rro uerrM(+U}-EP­

noreser rro uenn ((+}U}-e-,[(3-T1-EP-(-U). Hanpaanenae TOKa B EP M3MeHMTC5I (rrYHKTMp). ITOJlO)I(MTeJlbHbIM MMrryJlbC cPopMMpyeTc5I BKJlJOl.JeHMeM rpamncropa T2. B pesynsrare nponaoiizter KOMMyTaUM5I TOKa C ):(Mo):(a,[(3 na rpamncrop T2. B03HMKHeT 3,n:C caMOMH):(yKUMM C rrOJl5lpHOCTbJO, 0603Hal.JeHHOH B cxofixax, M

TOK norexer rro uenn I10CKOJlbKy nporexanae

TOKa i (nynxrnp) nponcxoztar non B03):(eHcTBMeM CYMMbI Harrp5l)I(eHM5I U+eC+UC,

Uoa' Tlayay <POPMMPYJOT, nanpavep, nyrev BKJlJOl.JeHM5I TpaH3MCTOpa T2 KJlJOl.Ja

YK2. TOK B TaKOM cnynae 6y):(eT rtporexars rro nena ((+ )U}-e-T2-,[(4-a-EP-(-U}.

3a)I(MMbI a-e fiyztyr 3aMKHYTbI. <:I>OpMMpoBaHMe MMrryJlbCa rrpOM3BO):(51T nyrev BbIKJlJOl.JeHM5I TpaH3MCTOpa T2. 3TO rrpMBO):(MT K B03HMKHOBeHMJO 3,n:C CaMOMH):(yKUMM ec (rrOJl5lpHOCTb B cKo6KaX) M rrpOTeKaHMJO TOKa rro uena (+}U-e­

Ha OTpe3Ke BpeMeHM -94 TOK nporexaer non

B03):(eHCTBMeM CYMMbI Harrp5l)I(eHMH U+eC BCTPel.JHO Harrp5l)I(eHMJO na KOH):(eHCaTOpe, rr03TOMY rrpOMCXO):(MT CHM)I(eHMe TOKa.

39

НАУЧНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЦЕНТР САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

113 p"c.3.2,6 BI1.IJ;HO, -rro C.IJ;Bl1r I1MrrYJIbCOB nanpaacenas Ua B ua 90° rrpI1BO.IJ;I1T K COBrra.IJ;emHO rro <pa3e TOKa 11 nanpszcenaa CeTI1, KaK 11 B cny-rae neyrrpaanaevoro BbIIIp}lMl1TeJI}I npa ero patiore na aKTI1BHYlO HarpY3KY. OTClO.IJ;a raxae npeotipaaosarena rrOJIYlfl1JII1 Ha3BaHl1e aKTl1BHbIX BbIIIp}lMl1TeJIeH: uanpazcenas (ABH). Paccvorpenaua npeofipasoaarcm, MO)KeT pafiorars B pe)Kl1Me anaepropa Cl1HYCOl1.IJ;aJIbHOrO TOKa, Be.IJ;OMOro cersro, eCJII1 C.IJ;BI1HYTb I1MrrYJIbCbI narrpxzcemor Ua B 60JIee lfeM na 900 . HerrpeMeHHbIMI1 YCJIOBl1}1MI1 l1HBepTl1pOBaHI1}1 }IBJI}IlOTC}I YCJIOBI1}1: Uc>U, 11 lfaCTOTa MO.IJ;eJIl1pYlOIJJ:eH: CI1HYCOI1.IJ;bI [}>,/ .IJ;OJI)KHa 6bITb crporo pasaa -racrore CeTI1, KaK 11 B cnysae aKTI1BHOrO BbIIIp}lMI1TeJI}I.

a

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Pl1c.3.3. Kpanue Harrp}l)KeHI1H: yCTpOH:CTBa yrrpaBJIeHI1}1 O.IJ;H0<pa3HbIM MOCTOBbIM ABH

TIPl1 rrOJIO)Kl1TeJIbHOH: rrOJIyBOJIHe uanpazcenaa CeTl1 I1HBepTl1pOBaHl1e

rrpOl1CXO.IJ;I1T CJIe.IJ;YlOIJJ:I1M o6pa30M. rrpOl1CXO.IJ;l1T <pOpMl1pOBaHl1e

rrOJIO)KI1TeJIbHOrO l1MrrYJIbCa uanpaxeaaa Ua H na 3a)KI1MaX «a», «6» nyrex

OTKpbIBaHI1}1 TpaH311CTOpOB Tl 11 T2 KJIlOlfeH: YKl, YK2. TIOCKOJIbKY Uc>U, TO nporexanae TOKa i (rrYHKTl1p) 6Y.IJ;eT nanpaaneno BCTpelfHO nanpazcemno CeTI1 no

3TOM 6Y.IJ;yT COBrra.IJ;aTb. A 3TO osnaaaer, -rro I1CTOlfHl1K npanavaer 3Heprl11O, T.e. rrpOI1CXO.IJ;l1T pexynepauna aaepraa. Ilaysa <popMl1pyeTc}I nyrev BbIKJIlOlfeHl1}1 TpaH311CTOpa Tl, B pe3YJIbTaTe nero B03Hl1KaeT 3~C CaMOl1H.IJ;YK~l1l1 ec C rrOJI}lpHOCTblO B cxofixax,

40