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What is an organization?

  1. Match the words and expressions with their Russian equivalents:

  1. the setting

  1. придерживаться, следовать

  1. to abide by

  1. противостоять

  1. to improve market share

  1. окружение; учреждение

  1. to provide extraordinary customer service

  1. последовательность взаимодействий с организациями

  1. to offer on-time service

  1. производить высококачественные товары

  1. to produce high-quality goods

  1. мало контролировать чье-либо поведение

  1. to impose few controls on one`s behavior

  1. предоставлять отличное обслуживание клиентов

  1. a series of experiences with organizations

  1. увеличить долю рынка

  1. to confront

  1. предлагать своевременное обслуживание

Reading

  1. Read the text to learn more about the places where all managers work.

What is an Organization?

Now let's talk about the immediate world in which you will operate as a manager. Organizations are the setting for all managers, and managers don't exist outside of them. The word itself is derived from the Greek word organon and it means a compartment for a particular job. An organization is any structured group of people working together to achieve certain goals that individuals could not reach alone. Although alike in their need to achieve specific goals, organizations differ with respect to what those goals are. A goal at American Airlines is to improve its market share relative to that of other major airlines, such as Delta, USAir, and JAL, by providing extraordinary customer service. At Southwest Airlines, a goal is to offer on-time service at the lowest prevailing price to increase its market share. The goal at Polaroid is to create innovative instant cameras, whereas at Minolta the goal is to produce high-quality lenses for cameras and other optical devices. Organizations differ in many other ways, too. Some are large and others small; some provide services and others products. Some organizations, such as the armed forces, spend millions of dollars on recruiting members and develop methods to make sure that they abide by formal rules. Others, such as the local MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Drivers), spend little money to attract members and impose few controls on their behavior.

Organizations have existed throughout history, so why are they, their goals, and their managers so important today? The reason is that during the past fifty years, all developed nations have become societies of organizations. Each of you could write your autobiography as a series of experiences with organizations, both large and small: hospitals, schools, sports teams, governments, banks, stores, clubs, and community groups. Some have been well managed, but others have not.

There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including: corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, non-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector, simultaneously fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. As a result the hybrid organization becomes a mixture of a government and a corporate organization.

In the social sciences, organizations are the object of analysis for a number of disciplines, such as sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management, and organizational communication. The broader analysis of organizations is commonly referred to as organizational structure, organizational studies, organizational behavior, or organization analysis.

Comprehension