NP-1k-short
.pdfhave to go either to the University library or to the National Library in the city centre.
2.Customers didn’t use to ______ shopping from home.
3.I used to ______ in that house over there.
4.The Moody Blues used to ______ very popular when I was young.
5.We used to _______ a piano, but we sold it.
6.I used to _______ to the cinema a lot, but I never get the time now.
7.I used to ______ that he was really intelligent but I've changed my mind.
8.He used to ______ a lot of money but he lost it all investing in Web sites.
9.In the 1950's English people used to ______ to the radio much more than they do now.
10.My sister didn’t use to ______ out much, but now she’s never at home!
11.Did she use to _______ in Australia when she was a child?
12.What time did you use to ______ to bed when you were a student? 13. Did you use to _______ long hair?
14.Did you use to _______ much money on clothes, when you were young?
Ex.19.Say what you used to do but now you don’t. Use but now…, but not any more, but not any longer to make a contrast between the past and the present.Two sentences are given to you as an example.
Model:
I used to like eating hamburgers, but I can’t stand them now.
I used to dislike Colin but I often see him now, and we are good friends.
You may use the following prompts: watch the BBC news, be very punctual, study at school, go skating every winter, have a dog, play the piano, drink coffee, spend a lot of money on clothes.
Ex.20. Complete these sentences with used to or would.
Notice that would is not used with state verbs (be, have, dislike, etc.)
I ______ live in a small house in the country when I was a little girl. I ______ get up every day at 7.30 because I lived not far from school. My grandmother ______
get our breakfast ready because my parents ______ start their work very early. Then my father ______ drive me to school. The lessons ______ start at 9.00. We stayed at school till 4 p.m. because I ______ participate in a lot of after-school activities. In the afternoon I ______ walk home alone because father didn’t pick me up. He ______ work late in the office. My parents ______ work a lot but now they are pensioners and spend a lot of time with their grandchildren.
Ex.21. Translate into English using used to or would to express repeated actions or states in the past.
1.Я раніше користувалась комп’ютерним центром. Зараз я маю свій ноутбук.
2.Ви поїдете на роботу на машині? – Навіть не знаю. Раніше я їздила на машині, а зараз вона часто ламається.
3.Раніше ми були добрими друзями, але зараз ми бачимось дуже рідко.
91
4.Вона раніше дуже рідко носила окуляри, бо вважала, що вони їй не пасують.
5.Мої сусіди раніше жили в маленькому містечку.
6.Ми , бувало, зустрічали свято з нашою великою сім’єю. Зараз багато з нас живуть в різних містах.
7.Коли мені було 14 років, ми жили у Львові. Зараз ми живемо в Полтаві.
8.Я прибирав свою квартиру сам, коли жив один. Зараз це робить моя дружина.
Ex.22. Correct the mistakes if there are any.
1.I lay the papers on your table.
2.In 1994, Christian Rucker aged 24, got out of magazines and started her own business – she found The White Company.
3.Ron worryed that he might lose his job.
4.How much they paid you last month?
5.He used to lay awake worrying about work.
6.For some reason, they canceled their tour to New Zealand.
7.Did you used to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child?
8.She hanged a picture on the wall.
9.Do you feel that he chose the wrong career?
10.She lied on the sofa because of a severe migraine headache.
11.As the summer was very dry, the apples felt down from the trees.
12.There was a party on Friday at your house, wasn’t it?
Ex.23. Translate into English.
1.Мій брат вивчав менеджмент в університеті.
2.Я раніше часто грав у теніс, а тепер я не маю часу.
3.Коли ти переїхав до Києва? – Близько п’яти років тому.
4.Прибутки компанії різко впали в 2012 році.
5.Директор провів нараду з керівниками відділів, а потім поїхав у відрядження до Вени.
6.Нам не сподобалась п’єса, тому ми пішли раніше.
7.Ми часто, бувало, писали листи один одному, зараз же, в основному, надсилаємо текстові та електронні повідомлення.
8.Секретарка поклала листа на стіл та вийшла з кабінету.
9.Де ти був учораввечері? Я дзвонив тобі десять разів.
10.Я не працював у четвер, у мене був вихідний.
11.Рік тому назад ціни на цю продукцію виросли вдвічі.
12. Ви добре провели вихідний у Львові? – Так, ми оглянули майже всі визначні місця цього чудового міста.
13.Самий старий ресторан в світі відкрився в Китаї в 1153 році. 14.Вчора по телебаченню була дуже цікава передача про економічну ситуацію в світі. Ти дивився її?
15.Уряд підвищив податки минулого року.
92
THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Ex 24. Match the beginning of each sentence in column A(1-11) with its ending in column B (a-k) and add when (suddenly) to complete the phrase. Look at the example provided (11-k).
I was going to bed when suddenly I heard a strange noise.
A
1.Jane was walking home
2.John was painting a picture
3.Mr Drill was driving to the airport
4.She was chopping potatoes
5.Dan was climbing the tree
6.We were having a picnic
7.Jill was sleeping
8.The children were playing football
9.He was painting the bedroom
10.The students were talking
11.I was going to bed
B
a.he fell off the ladder. b. she cut her finger.
c. their ball broke a window.
d.the teacher entered the room.
e.a branch broke.
f. he spilled the paint.
g.the wind blew her hat off.
h.his car broke down.
i.the telephone woke her up.
j. it started raining.
k. I heard a strange noise.
Ex.25. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous.
1.Yesterday at six, John _______ (drive) to the airport.
2.While Clara _______ (have) lunch in the canteen, Jane and Vicky
_______(talk) to a customer.
3.I _______ (prepare) the invoice, when my computer crashed.
4.When we _______ (sit) in the meeting, Joseph suddenly got an idea.
5.The secretary _______ (correct) the document, they _______ (discuss) the solution to the problem.
6.Tracy and her colleague _______(walk) to the office, when it suddenly started to rain.
7.During the week of the conference I _______ (stay) at a nice B&B.
8.Where you _______(stay) at during your business trip in London?
9.Who _______ (do) my job while I was in hospital?
10.I ________ (just leave) the office when they arrived.
Ex.26. Ask questions to the words in bold, as in the example below. The first one is given to you as an example.
1.At half past seven, we were signinga contract. – What were you doing at half past seven?
2.When Charlie was driving home he saw a motorcycle accident.
3.Robert looked out of the window. Ricky was still waiting for Holly.
4.Everything happened so unexpectedly. Mrs. Rich was speaking on the phone, I was sortingout the papers, and he was standing over there by the window.
5.I saw Grace in the garden. She was watering flowers singing softly to herself.
93
6.He turned on the TV; the match hadn’t started yet. Players from both teams were signing autographs.
7.They resigned when we were launching a new product.
8.Yesterday afternoon while I was shopping, I lost my wallet.
9.While she was cooking you were all watching television. (tag question)
Ex.27. Ask questions of all possible types (general, who/what/why-questions, tag questions, etc.) to the following sentence:
We were developing a new market campaign, when we heard news of a takeover bid.
THE PAST SIMPLE versus THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Ex.28.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form: the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. Compare and analyse the sentences, and elicit the difference.
1.She __________ (to cook) dinner yesterday.
2.She __________ (to cook) at three o'clock yesterday.
3.She __________ (to cook) from two till four yesterday.
4.I __________ (to read) a very good book last month.
5.I __________ (not to read) at five o'clock.
6.I __________ (not to read) when you came in.
7.Susan __________ (to pass) her exam two days ago.
8.Susan __________ (to pass) her exam at this time yesterday.
10.Pete __________ (to work) in the garden yesterday.
11.Pete __________ (to work) in the garden at five o'clock yesterday.
12.Where Pete __________ (to work) when I came to see him?
13.My sister __________ (to wash) the dishes after dinner yesterday.
15.My sister __________ (to wash) the dishes at eight o’clock yesterday.
Ex.29. Choose the correct tense form to complete the sentences.
1.I saw a light in your window as I passed/was passing by.
2.Yesterday as I was walking down Cherry Lane, I met/ was meeting Frank, an old friend of mine.
3.Lucy’s elder sister said that she went/was going to enter Leeds University.
4.While my daughter waited/was waiting for my call, somebody knocked at the door.
5.We just talked/were talking about her when she suddenly came in/was coming in.
6.Yesterday while Dad shaved/was shaving, he cut/ was cutting himself slightly.
7.They quarreled/were quarrelling while they washed /were washing the car.
8.I sat/was sitting by the window when I heard/was hearing astrange noise from the street.
9.At six o’clock I waited/was waiting for Jenifer at the station.
10.It rained/was raining heavily as I walked/was walking towards their house.
94
Ex.30. Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, either the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. Look at the example provided.
1.When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor was writing (write) on the blackboard.
2.Helen ________ (live) in Athens when she ______ (meet) the man who was to become her husband.
3.We suddenly ________ (realize) that we ______ (walk) the wrong direction.
4.While you _______ (lie) on the beach, we ________ (work) in the office.
5.The phone _______ (ring) again and again. Mary nervously _______ (pick) it up and ______ (put) it down again.
6.The BBC_______ (broadcast) the talk of our President last night.
7.He ________ (sell) his shares last week because their value _______ (fall down) very quickly.
8.Arnold ______ (look) out of the window. It ______ (be) another dreary day. The wind ______ (blow) hard and big black clouds ________ (gather) on the horizon.
9.The burglar _______ (open) the safe when he ______ (hear) footsteps.
10.I ______ (not listen), so I missed what you said.
11.When I _______ (see) him he ______ (paint) the roof of his house.
12.Tracy _______ (eat) dinner when someone _______ (knock) on the door.
13.Yesterday, Steve ________ (work) on his report all day long.
Ex.31. Choose an appropriate phrase from the box below and complete each sentence (1-6).
I was just leaving the office, he was thinking about resigning, she was just discussing something with her friend, he was visiting his business partners, the company’s funds were running out, the deadline was coming soon.
1.We decided to bring the project to a close because ______________________ .
2.Our financial manager cut down on bonuses because ____________________ .
3.My partner sold his shares in business because ______________________ ___.
4.He didn’t come to the office all week because __________________________ .
5.I didn’t see when the president of the company arrived because ____________ .
6.She didn’t answer the telephone because ______________________________ .
Ex.32. Read the sentences (1-12) and identify the tenses. Then match them to the correct descriptions (a – f).
a.an action which happened at a definite time in the past
b.past habits
c.actions which happened immediately one after another
d.two or more simultaneous actions
e.an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it
f.to describe the atmosphere in the introduction to the story before we describe the main events
95
1.We were walking in silence when suddenly she asked me to help her.
2.They used to wake up at 6 a.m. when they lived in a suburb.
3.The day was marvelous. The sun was shining, the birds were singing. So we decided to go for a walk.
4.We visited Paris last year.
5.Miss Brown’s telephone was ringing while she was typing the report.
6.I lit the candle, opened a window and nodded to him.
7.Mary dropped two cups when she was washing up last night, but neither of the cups broke.
8.She got on the train, entered the compartment and showed her ticket to the guard.
9.I was walking along the street watching what was going around me. Fast cars
were going in both directions and it was impossible to cross the road. 10.I bought this dress at our nearest shopping mall two weeks ago. 11.When I was at school, I used to wear a uniform.
12.Why weren’t you listening to me when I was speaking?
Ex.33. Choose the best option. |
|
|||||
1. |
While I ________ for him to call up, he ________ a good time at the party. |
|||||
a. |
waited |
b. was waiting |
c. have waited |
|||
a. |
have |
b. had |
|
|
c. was having |
|
2. |
She ________ this exercise yesterday at 5 o’clock. |
|||||
a. has written |
b. wrote |
c. was writing |
||||
3. |
He ________ me to the party yesterday. |
|||||
a. has invited |
b. was inviting |
c. invited |
||||
4. |
I ________ my exam on economics an hour ago. |
|||||
a. passed |
b. have passed |
|
c. was passing |
|||
5. |
He ________ a book two days ago. |
|||||
a. read |
b. has read |
c. was reading |
||||
6. |
They ________ this film on Sunday. |
|||||
a. have seen |
b. saw |
c. were seeing |
||||
7. |
She ________ the picture when I came. |
|||||
a. painted |
b. has painted |
c. was painting |
||||
8. |
I ________ my report when the General Manager entered the meeting room. |
|||||
a. made |
b. have made |
|
c. was making |
|||
9. |
They ________ the new words yesterday from three till seven. |
|||||
a. learnt |
b. were learning |
|
c. have learnt |
|||
10. It ________ this week. |
|
|
||||
a. rained |
b. has rained |
|
c. was raining |
|||
Ex.34. After three months of looking for work, Cathy was at last called for an interview. Complete the following extract from her interview by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct past tense form.
Interviewer: |
So how long ______ you _______ (work) for that company? |
|
96 |
Cathy: |
About two years. |
Interviewer: |
And what ______ you _______(do) while you ______ (work) |
|
there? |
Cathy: |
First, I _______ (take part) in the project of investigating their |
|
motivation problems. |
Interviewer: |
It sounds interesting. And what _______ the results _______ |
|
show? |
Cathy: |
I can’t really say anything definite. While we ________ |
|
(process) the results, the company ______ (decide) to postpone |
|
the project for some time later. |
Interviewer: |
I see. _____ you ______ (move) on to another project? |
Cathy: |
Yes. But again, as soon as our team ______(start) the project, |
|
serious problems ______(arise). While we _______(develop) a |
|
new working model, the funds for the programme ______ |
|
(stop). So, I ________ (decide) to leave them and make a fresh |
|
start. That is why I’m here. |
Ex.35. Correct the mistakes if there are any.
1.The sun raised at 6.30.
2.When Tom came home, his wife cooking dinner.
3.Tim hurted his foot when he was playing football.
4.I couldn’t answer your call. I worked in the garden then.
5.I was going to phone you later, but it sliped my mind.
6.Ali has bought a very expensive car a month ago.
7.Alice was cleaning the house all morning.
8.Do you remember the things we used to do when we were kids?
9.Hilary chosed to ignore the doctor’s warning.
10.While Richard drove to Yellowstone National Park he met a deer on the road. 11.How he damaged his car so badly? – I don’t know exactly, but I’m sure he was
driving too fast.
12.In1888, George Eastman has introduced the first Kodak camera. 13.At midnight, I still worked at a computer though I was feeling ill.
Ex.36. Translate into English.
1.Вчора я отримала по факсу дуже цінне/важливе повідомлення про злиття (themerger) наших компанії.
2.Коли я увійшов до аудиторії, студенти все ще обговорювали доповідь.
3.Я раніше плавала кожен день. Зараз плаваю лише тричі на тиждень.
4.Одрі Хепберн знялася (tostar) не в багатьох фільмах, але залишила незабутній слід в історії кіно.
5.Фільм, який я вчора бачила дуже вразив мене.
6.Поїзд наближався до станції. Пасажири стояли біля вікон та махали (towave) капелюхами.
7.Аманда закінчила університет, отримала гарну пропозицію та стала менеджером великої міжнародної компанії.
97
8.Секретарка друкувала доповідь, коли увійшов директор та поклав папери на стіл.
9.Минулого року ми з сім’єю відвідали Історичний музей.
10.Джесіка готувалась до іспиту, в той час, як Яків дивився аналітичну програму по телевізору.
11.Колись мама пекла великий торт мені на день народження. Зараз ми купуємо торти в супермаркеті.
12.Коли ми купались в озері, Мері готувала нам обід.
13.Це був ясний літній ранок. Вона сиділа в кафе в центрі Парижу і пила свою ранкову каву.
14. Вони саме будували цей міст, коли я був тут минулого року.
15.Всі спокійно читали, коли раптово двері відчинились і увійшов незнайомець.
THE PAST SIMPLE versus THE PRESENT PERFECT
Ex.37. Choose the correct tense, either the Past Simple or the Present Perfect.
1.Dan Brown, an American author of thriller fiction, best known for the 2003 bestselling novel ‘The Da Vinci Code’has so far written/wrote so far seven books, with two being adapted to cinema.
2.Agatha Christie has written /wrote a lot of brilliant detective novels.
3.TheKrugerslived/have livedinGermanyforfiveyears, andthentheymoved/havemovedtoAustria. Theylived/have livedin Vienna forthreeyearsnow.
4.My uncle has worked/worked as a banker for 25 years. Then he retired.
5.I wrote/have written a letter but I cannot send it. My computer is disconnected.
6.Did you have/have you had your breakfast? – Yes, I have had/had it at 7.30.
7.Jane went/has gone to Canada a year ago. She has worked/worked in Toronto for a while and then went/has gone to the United States.
8.Hedidn’t smoke /hasn’t smoked for three months. He wants to give it up.
9.Help yourself to a piece of cheese cake! I just baked /have baked it.
10.I was in/have been to London several times.
Ex.38.In the following sentences put the verbs in brackets in either the Past Simple or the Present Perfect. Look at the example provided.
1.Last night I saw (see) “This Means War” at the cinema. – Oh, I have already seen(see) it twice.
1.I see you’ve got a new car. When _________ (buy) it?
2._______ (read) any books by Wilbur Smith? – No, I don’t even know this author.
3.She ________ (work) for a big law firm for 30 years. Then she retired.
4.You ____ (be) here before? –Yes, I ____ (spend ) my holidays here last year.
5.You ________ (find) the money which you ________ (lose) yesterday ? – Yes, I have. I ______ (find) it in the pocket of my coat when I ______ (come) home.
98
6.How long you ________ (know) him? – We ________ (meet) in 1996, but we
________ (not see) each other since last summer.
7.Who________ (invent) the television?
8.They say scientists ______ (discover) a new planet.
9.I ________(leave) working for Hendersons four years ago. Then I _____(work) for Jacobs for a while, and then I ______ (join) this company. I _______(work) here for three years.
10.Isabel ________ (move) into her new house a month ago, but I _____ (not, visit) her yet.
Ex.39.Complete the sentences with the appropriate option.
1.When ________________ the company?
a)have you joined
b)did you joined
c)did you join
d)have you ever joined
2.___________________ in Pakistan? a) Did you ever worked
b) Have you ever worked c) Worked you
d) Didn't you have worked
3.That's the best presentation ______________________ .
a)I never heard
b)I didn't hear
c)I used to hear
d)I've ever heard
4. He's the most difficult customer _____________________.
a)I never dealt with.
b)I never had to deal with.
c)I've ever had to deal with.
d)I've never had to deal with.
5. ___________________ to him last week.
a)I spoke
b)I've already spoken c)I didn't spoke
d)I speaked
6. ______________ a binding contract last year and it is still valid.
a)We have signed
b)We signed
c)We haven't signed
d)We have sign
7. The reason I look so brown is that _______________ from a business trip to Barbados.
a)I come back
b)I came back
99
c)I never came back
d)I've just come back
8. Sales ________ in 1995 but then _____ in 1996.
a)risedfalled
b) |
rose |
fell |
c) |
have risen |
have fallen |
d) |
rose |
have fallen |
9. You ____________ to a word ____________ .
a) |
listened |
I haven't said |
b) |
didn't listen |
I say |
c) |
listened |
saying |
d) |
haven't listened |
I've said |
10. It's obvious that ________________ this report.
a)you haven't read
b)you didn't read c)you don't read d)you read not
Ex.40. Correct the mistakes if there are any.
1.John is so happy. He graduated from University!
2.When have you graduated from University?
3.One of the worldwide best-selling novelists, Wilbur Smith wrote more than thirty successful novels. Now, he is working on a new book.
4.Sir Isaac Newton invented calculus.
5.Don’t worry about the letter. I have posted it the day before yesterday.
6.It seems to me that I lost my glasses! I can’t find them anywhere.
7.You’re so absent-minded. By the way, have you finded the gloves that you lost last week? – No, I bought a new pair the other day.
8.Have you got any money? –Yes, I borrowed it from my brother.
9.Are you tired? –Yes, a little. I painted the ceiling today.
We haven’t seen Peter this week, but we have seen him a couple of weeks ago.
100