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Английский язык. Учебник 1 курс

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5.

The Islands are home

e) is unique and paradoxical

6.

There has been a noticeable

f) is actually an entire

 

world

 

7.

The situation with the Scots

g) to four people: The

 

English, the Scots, the

Welsh, the Irish.

 

 

8.

This geographically small island

h) using the term ‘English’

 

has been considered

‘bad taste’.

 

 

7.1.6.Сократите текст, опустив несущественные детали.

7.1.7.Составьте план и передайте содержание текста

7.1.8.Расскажите об особенностях нашей страны, об отношениях разных народов и народностей, с чем ассоциируется у Вас образ Родины.

Раздел 7.2

7.2.1. Отработайте произношение данных слов, уточнив их транскрипцию по словарю

institution n

 

учреждение

abbreviation

n

сокращение, аббревиатура

sign n

 

 

вывеска, знак

wrought adj

 

выделанный, украшенный

bracket

n

 

кронштейн, держатель

mount v

 

закреплять, монтировать

post n

 

 

столб

whistle

n

 

свист, свисток

rush n

 

 

напор, наплыв

bubble

n

 

зд. шум (голосов)

confusingly

adv

запутано, смущающе

counter

n

 

прилавок

polish v

 

полировать

beermat n

 

подставка

sip n

 

 

маленький глоток

mug n

 

 

кружка

roar v

 

 

реветь, грохотать

 

 

 

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log

n

 

бревно, полено

beam n

 

балка

favour v

 

благоприятствовать, относиться

 

 

 

благосклонно

oversimplify

v

чрезмерно упрощать

solitude n

 

одиночество, уединение

moor n

 

вересковая пустошь

refreshment

n

закуски, буфет

lodging n

 

ночлег, квартира

inn

n

 

гостиница

bear

v

 

поддерживать, выносить, терпеть

noble adj

 

благородный, знатный

bench n

 

скамья

sprinkle v

 

разбрасывать

sawdust n

 

опилки

7.2.2. Просмотрите данный текст и дайте ответ на вопрос

“What are the main peculiarities of pubs?”

PUBS – TOWN AND COUNTRY

Every country has its drinking habits, some of which are general and obvious, others most peculiar. Most countries also have a national drink. In England the national drink is beer, and the “pub”, where Englishmen (and women to a lesser extent) go to drink it, is a peculiar English institution. The word “pub” itself, of course, is an abbreviation of “public house”.

A bright introduction to any self-respecting pub is the sign outside it. The sign might hang from a wrought-iron bracket, or be mounted on a post, or be fixed to the wall above the door. On it will be the pub’s name – “The Pig and Whistle” for example, or “The Three Mariners”. Push open the door and you will be met by a rush of warm air and a bubble of voices. At tables round not a very large room people will be sitting and in front of each person you will see a pint or half-pint mug of beer, or a smaller glass of a “short” drink – whiskey, gin and tonic, or fruit juice. This room is called the “bar”, but, confusingly, the same term is used for the great counter of polished wood which dominates one end of the room. At this bar people will be standing with a drink either in their hands or on a “beermat” at their elbow. From time to time they will take a sip – for Englishmen sip their drinks – and then put down the mug to continue the conversation. There is a general atmosphere of warmth and cosiness. Most pubs favour the traditional image – a roaring log fire, old oak beams supporting a low ceiling, and brass ornaments

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on the walls. Comfort is essential, for people do not drop in for a quick drink and then go; they tend generally to” make an evening of it”.

To describe one particular kind of pub is to oversimplify my account, since there are many, many variations on the theme. Indeed, pubs are everywhere in England; a small town of, say, 50 000 inhabitants will have between 50 and 100 pubs, each with its own character. Each tiny village has its pub. Sometimes a pub will stand in solitude on a country road over the moors, far from any village or town, a relic of days when traveling was mostly a matter of making stops for refreshment or lodging; and even today, in outlying districts as well as in towns, the pub often serves as a small hotel, or “inn”. There is a good deal of folklore behind the names which pubs bear. The derivation of some names is obvious; often animals figure in the title (The Fox and Goose); often an element of history enters with the name of a local noble family, (The Tatton Arms). Jokes, too, abound. A late-night traveler knocked at the door of the George and Dragon. From an upstairs window a female head appeared, and in vigorous terms told him that all sane folk were already in bed by that hour, and what was he doing making all that noise in the middle of the night? The traveler looked at the inn-sign and said, “Could I speak to George, please?”

There are two important peculiarities about pubs. One is that they have striсktly limited hours of opening, which vary in length in different areas, each local government authority having power to fix its own “licensing hours” as they are called. It is almost impossible to get strong drink in the early morning, in the middle of the afternoon, or at midnight or later. The second peculiarity is that most pubs are divided into at least two separated bars: the public bar and the saloon bar. The differences between the two are that the saloon bar is less uncomfortable, it has chairs and linoleum, whereas the public bar will have wooden benches and perhaps a floor sprinkled with sawdust, and the beer costs a penny or two more in the saloon bar than in the public bar.

7.2.3. Прочитайте текст ещё раз. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы. (Работа в парах)

1.What is the national English drink?

2.What is a peculiar English institution?

3.Why is a pub a peculiar institution?

4.Can you describe in short an English pub?

5.Why are there so many pubs in England?

7.2.4. Выпишите из текста слова, отражающие основную тему текста.

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7.2.5.Составьте план текста на английском языке.

7.2.6.Напишите небольшое сообщение на английском языке по теме текста.

Раздел 7.3

7.3.1. Прочитайте текст. Дайте ответ на вопрос: “Who became the victims of the hoax?”

It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. Inviting the fire-brigade to put out a non-existent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.

When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.

The student hid in an arch way nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a call-box. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

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7.3.2.Выберите заголовок наиболее соответствующий содержанию текста.

1.Who’s Who

2.Love For Jokes

3.Double Deception

4.Victims Of Hoax

7.3.3.Ролевая игра.

Ситуация – студенты приехали на международную студенческую конференцию из различных регионов России (Дальний Восток, Европейский Север, Черноморское побережье) и из Великобритании (Англия, Шотландия, Уэльс, Северная Ирландия). Они ведут беседу об особенностях тех мест, где они живут и учатся.

Раздел 7.4

7.4.1.Прочитайте данные предложения. Выберите соответствующее слово.

1.(To wait/ waited) for them any longer is useless.

2.(To say/said) this is to say nothing.

3.(To use/used) a computer nowadays is practically a necessary thing.

4.(To pass/passed) an exam is not very easy if students don’t revise the material.

5.(To walk/walked) a long distance in rainy weather will take a lot of

time.

6. (To apply/applied) for this kind of job will be useless if you don’t have any experience.

7.4.2. Прочитайте данные предложения. Выберите соответствующее слово.

1.Her desire is (to go/went) to Italy in autumn.

2.Your duty is (to keep/kept) all these things in order.

3.Manager’s responsibility is (to control/controlled) the activity of

people.

4.Her advice was (to take/took) medicine.

5.His main idea was (to carry/carried) out an experiment.

6.They have no desire (to show/showed) me round the town.

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7.4.3.Прочитайте данные предложения. Выберите соответствующее слово.

1.You can (buy/to buy) a good pair of shoes in this department store.

2.He may (ask/to ask) me this question.

3.They must (do/to do) this work at once.

4.She decided not (to apply/apply) for this job.

5.He hoped (to be/be) responsible for the project.

6.The English like (to arrange/arrange) armchairs around the fire.

7.4.4.Прочитайте данные предложения. Выберите соответствующее слово

1.They told her not (to go/go) out at night in the city.

2.I ask you (to water/water) the flowers every day.

3.My friend advised me not (to plant/plant) the roses so early.

4.Mother asked her (to see/see) the guests off.

5.I ask you (to be/be) careful while crossing the street.

6.The professor advised her (to refer/refer) to this book.

7.4.5.Прочитайте данные предложения.

Выберите соответствующее слово

1.You have no reason (to put /put) off your business trip.

2.The businessmen have no intention (to sign/sign) the contract.

3.My cousin has got a desire (to buy/buy) a modern cottage.

4.She has bought a pair of shoes (to match/match) her clothes.

5.He is the very man (to do/do) it.

6.He is always the first( to pass/pass) the exams.

7.4.6.Прочитайте данные предложения.

Выберите соответствующее слово

1. He was happy (to have been invited / invited) to this party. 2. She deserves (to be awarded / awarded). 3. The old lady refused (to be taken / took) to the hospital. 4. She seems (to have been reading / read) since early morning. 5. He now regrets (to have said / said) it. 6. They seem (to be / were) working hard. 7. The students were happy (to have be sent / sending) to London. 8. He promised (to be/be) careful. 9. John failed( to pass / passed) his last exam. 10. I remember (to have seen / saw) this film before.

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7.4.7. Прочитайте данные предложения. Выберите соответствующее слово

It is difficult for him (to study/studied) Chinese. It is difficult for him to study Chinese.

1. It is easy for him (to agree / agree). 2. It is necessary for you (to come / come) there in time. 3. It is difficult for the boy (to read / read) this book. 4. The text was too difficult for the students (to translate / translate). 5. It’ s no use for her (to apply / apply) for this job. 6. It was late for the children (to go / go) for a walk.

7.4.8. Прочитайте данные предложения. Выберите соответствующее слово

I know him (to write/write) in English well. I know him to write in English well.

1. We knew him (to speak / speak) English well. 2. I would like you

(to

help / help) me. 3.

He wanted them

(to discuss / discuss)

this

matter.

4.

I wanted them (to

hurry / hurry) up.

5. We expected the

train

(to ar-

rive / arrive) in time. 6. I would like you (to move / move) closer to hear the speaker better. 7. He would like us (to tell / tell) him about popular destinations in this country. 8. The buyers expect the contract (to be / be) signed soon. 9. They wanted me (to book / book) accommodation in this hotel. 10. I expected them (to give / give) me a discount.

7.4.9.Прочитайте данные предложения. Выберите соответствующее слово.

1.He is said (to live / live) in London. 2. They are believed (to have left / leave) for France. 3. The Moscow State University is known (to be / be) founded in 1755. 4. He is said (to have / have) been writing this novel for three years. 5. She seems (to know / know) him well. 6. They don’t seem (to believe / believe) him. 7 He is likely (to be / be) late. 8 She is unlikely (to do / do) it well. 9. They are sure (to come / come) in time. 10. You are sure (to know / know) her well.

7.4.10.Заполните таблицу, пользуясь словарем.

Noun

Verb

 

Adjective

Adverb

note

note

 

notable

notably

 

replace

 

 

 

rise

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pointedly

 

Expand

 

 

 

 

 

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Блок VIII

Грамматика: Conditionals.

Словообразование.

Тема: Some Facts about the United States

Раздел 8.1

8.1.1. Отработайте произношение данных слов и словосочетаний, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю

Rule n

правление, господство

Spread v

распространять

Legal adj

юридический, правовой

Inheritance n

наследование, наследство

Formative adj

формирующий, образующий

Consistent adj

последовательный

Identity n

личность

Indigenous adj

туземный, местный

Secular adj

мирской

Quaker n

квакер

Puritan n

пуританин

Codify v

кодифицировать

Estimation n

оценка, суждение

Vary v

менять, изменять, меняться, отличаться

8.1.2. Прочитайте текст и дайте ответ на вопрос: “What was the formative basis of American culture?”

CULTURE OF THE UNITED STATES

The culture of the United States is primarily a Western culture, but is also influenced by Native American, African, Asian, Polynesian, and Latin American cultures. American culture started its formation over 10,000 years ago with the migration of Paleo-Indians from Asia into the region that is today the continental United States. It has its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. The United States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as a result of large-scale immigration from many different countries throughout its history.

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Its chief early European influences came from English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish settlers of colonial America during British rule. British culture, due to colonial ties with Britain that spread the English language, legal system and other cultural inheritances, had a formative influence. Other important influences came from other parts of western Europe, especially Germany, France, and Italy.

American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist and moral elements.

It also includes elements that evolved from Indigenous Americans, and other ethnic cultures—most prominently the culture of African Americans, cultures from Latin America, and Asian American cultures. Many American cultural elements, especially from popular culture, have spread across the globe through modern mass media.

The United States has often been thought of as a melting pot, but beginning in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it trends towards cultural diversity, pluralism and the image of a salad bowl instead.

Regional variations. Semi-distinct cultural regions of the United States include New England, the Mid-Atlantic states, the Southern United States, the Midwestern United States and the Western United States-an area that can be further subdivided, on the basis of the local culture into the Pacific States and the Mountain States.

The western coast of the continental U.S. consisting of California, Oregon, and the state of Washington is also sometimes referred to as the Left Coast, indicating its left-leaning political orientation and tendency towards liberal norms, folkways and values.

Southern United States are informally called "the Bible Belt" due to socially conservative evangelical Protestantism.This region is usually contrasted with the mainline Protestantism and Catholicism of the northeastern United States, the religiously diverse Midwest and Great Lakes, the Mormon Corridor in Utah and southern Idaho, and the relatively secular western United States. The percentage of non-religious people is the highest in the northeastern state of Vermont at 34%, compared to the Bible Belt state of Alabama, where it is 6%.

Religion.Among developed countries, the U.S. is one of the most religious in terms of its demographics.The U.S. was the only developed nation where religion played a "very important" role in their lives, an opinion similar to that found in Latin America.

Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by English and Irish settlers who wished to practice their own religion without discrimination or persecution: Pennsylvania was established by Quakers, Maryland

89

by Roman Catholics and the Massachusetts Bay Colony by Puritans. The first Bible printed in a European language in the Colonies was by German immigrant Christopher Sauer. Nine of the thirteen colonies had official public religions. By the time of the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, the United States became one of the first countries in the world to codify freedom of religion into law, although this originally applied only to the federal government, and not to state governments or their political subdivisions.

Statistics. The following information is an estimation as actual statistics constantly vary. The following is the percentage of followers of different religions in the United States:

Christian: (80.2%) o Protestant (51.3%)

o Roman Catholic (23.9%) o Mormon (1.7%)

o Other Christian (1.6%)

o Remainder of Christians (1.7%)

Unaffiliated (12.1%)

Atheist (4%)

Other/Unspecified (2.5%)

Jewish (1.7%)

Buddhist (0.7%)

Muslim (0.6%)

8.1.3.Прочитайте текст еще раз. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1.The US is a unique country with its unique culture.

2.British rule had great influence on the US culture.

3.The image of America is of uniformity.

4.Christianity is the only religion in the US.

8.1.4.Ответьте на данные вопросы. (Работа в парах)

1.What made the US a country with a diverse culture?

2.What countries brought their influence to America?

3.How does American culture spread across the world?

4.What is the basis of religious diversity in the US?

8.1.5.Просмотрите текст и найдите фразам, данным в левой колонке (1-8) подходящее завершение в правой колонке (a-f)

1. is an ethically and racially

a) church and state

2. due to colonial

b) diverse country

3. came from

c) across the globe

 

90