Английский язык. Учебник 1 курс

4.1.4.Ответьте на данные вопросы. (Работа в парах)

1.What makes Americans live in mobile homes?

2.Why have mobile homes become popular in America?

3.What makes the cost of mobile homes deceptive?

4.What is the difference of living in mobile and permanent homes?

4.1.5.Просмотрите текст. Найдите фразам, данным в левой колонке (1-9) соответствия в правой колонке (e-i).

4.1.6.Сократите текст, опустив несущественные детали.

4.1.7.Составьте план. Передайте содержание текста.

4.1.8.Сообщите Вашему собеседнику о традициях жизни в вашей стране.

Раздел 4.2

4.2.1. Отработайте произношение данные слов и словосочетаний, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю.

4.2.2 Прочитайте текст и скажите, какие типы семей существуют в Америке.

THE CHANGING AMERICAN FAMILY

Social changes, mobility, momen’s new position in society greatly influence family life and attitude to divorces in America.

There used to be mainly two types of familiesthe extended and the nuclear.

The extended family included mother, father, children, and some other relatives – grandparentsliving in the same house or nearby.

The nuclear family consisting of only the parents and the children became more prevalent in the course of the job pattern changes due to the transition of the economy from agricultural to industrial. People were forced to move to different parts of the country. The extended family split up.

In the American family the husband and wife usually share decision making.

As to upbringing the children, the old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely followed, and the children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental control. Children are encouraged to be independent at an early age. Young people are expected to break away from their parental families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties.

At present the word “family” is being extended to include a variety of other living arrangements. Today’s family can be made up of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there is an increase in sin- gle-parent homes, a father or mother living with one or more children.

Blended families occur when previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family.

Some couples are deciding not to have any children at all. So there is an increase in two-person childless families.

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There are also more people who live alone – single, widowed, divorced. In America one in five lives alone.

4.2.3 Прочитайте текст еще раз. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. (Работа в парах)

1.There is little difference between different types of families.

2.Americans prefer the extended family.

3.The nuclear family is the result of generation gap.

4.The single parent family is the result of divorce.

5.Blended families combine the children from former marriages.

6.Americans prefer living alone.

4.2.4.Выпишите из текста слова, отражающие основную тему текста.

4.2.5.Напишите план текста на английском языке. Напишите небольшое сообщение по теме текста.

4.2.6.Сделайте сообщение для вашей группы о типах семей в вашей стране.

Раздел 4.3

4.3.1. Прочитайте текст. Дайте ответ на данный вопрос:

“What is main idea of the given text?”

Women in the USA constitute 51, 4% of the country’s population. Many of them are earning money outside their homes today. Among women who are eighteen to sixty-four years old, sixty-two per cent have jobs.

Today more women are holding jobs of greater diversity than ever before. The number of women in law and medicine rose dramatically. In high schools and colleges women’s studies courses in history, literature and sociology have brought new attention to women’s lives.

At the same time women traditionally dominate such occupations as nurses and telephone operators. They made up 98% of the total number of secretaries, typists, stenographers in the country, 68% of all teachers, 97% of all private –household workers.

Working women have more education than those who stay at home. It’s natural that college-educated women want to use their academic training after marriage. Besides, the task of running a household has become easier due to

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modern appliences and aids such as convenience foods and many women choose to work primarily for the satisfaction derived.

Among women with jobs, eight out of ten drive a car to work, and eight per cent took a vacation away from home during the past years. Much of their travelling was by air.

These figures come from a report which was written for advertisers. The report gives advertisers a new picture of women today.It tells advertisers that fifty-one per cent of all American women have tavelled by airalong with fifty-nine per cent of all American men.

The lesson for American business is that a significant number of married women have entered the labour force for non-economic reasons because they want to have other interests in addition to their homes. They like advertisements which show women in office, planes and cars.

4.3.2. Придумайте заглавие для прочитанного текста. Обоснуйте ваше решение.

4.3.3.Ролевая игра.

Situation.Students A, B ,C, D, … from different countries are present at the International conference “The role of women in different countries”.

Make talks on the matter. Hold a discussion.

Раздел 4.4

4.4.1. Письменно составьте вопросы из данных слов.

You /can do/ it /now/? Can you do it now? Who can do it now?

1. They/ can do/ it /for her/? 2. He/ must stay/ here too/? 3. You/ may take/ this book/? 4. You /could come /to see me/ the day before yesterday/? 5. He/ should go/ there/? 6. You/ should speak/ louder/? 7. The library/ ought /to be open/ now/? 8. He /might do/it /yesterday/? 9. He /can swim and dive/ very well/? 10. She/ may visit/ them/?

4.4.2. Письменно составьте предложения. ( the Present, Past, Future Tense forms.)

He /can do/ it today.

He is able to do it today.

He was able to do it yesterday. He will be able to do it tomorrow.

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1.Everybody/ can see/ that. 2. I /can finish/ my report today. 3. You /can do/ it without this book. 4. They/ can go/there now. 5. He /can speak/ German.6. I/ can do/ it myself. 7. Marry/ can ski /very well. 8. She /can lend /me a dictionary for a week. 9. He /can go/ there at once. 10. Ann /can read /very fast.

4.4.3. Письменно составьте вопросы из данных слов.

He/ may/look through/ this magazine/? May he look through this magazine? What may he look through?

Who may look through this magazine?

1.He / may/ go/ to/ his friend’s place/? 2. We /may/ go/ to the USA/ on holidays/? 3. We /may/ visit/ our friends/ at weekends/? 4. We /may/ take/ our/ exams/ beforehand/? 5. She/may/ stay/ with/ us/ till Monday/? 6. We/may/take/the books/home/? 7. She/may/come/to/our/place/any time/? 8. They/may/stay/here/till tomorrow/?

4.4.4. Письменно составьте предложения из данных слов. ( the Present, Past, Future Tense forms.)

You/ may go/ there.

You are allowed to go there.

You were allowed to go there yesterday. You will be allowed to go there tomorrow.

1. The children /may go/ for a walk. 2. You /may stay/ here. 3. You/ may open/ the window. 4. He /may look it up/ in the dictionary. 5. They /may listen/ to music. 6. The students/ may come/ later. 7. They /may have/ a snack. 8. You/ may pass/ all the exams in May. 9. He/may invite/ her friends. 10. They/may take /these books home.

4.4.5. Письменно напишите предложения.( the Present, Past and Future Tense forms.)

You must answer this letter today. You have to answer this letter today.

You will have to answer this letter tomorrow. You had to answer this letter yesterday.

-------------------------------------------------------

You are to answer this letter today. You promised to do that.

You were to answer this letter yesterday. You promised to do that.

1. We must know all the details of this case. 2. He must go there without delay. 3. You must type these documents. 4. I must do it at once.

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4. I must send this telegram today. 5. You must revise these rules. 6. She must come home in time. 7. You must help her now. 8. You all must attend such a lecture. 9. I must be in the office at 9 sharp. 10. We must hurry or we’ll be late.

4.4.6. Письменно напишите данные предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.

You have to answer this letter today. Do you have to answer this letter today? I don’t have to answer this letter today. You had to answer this letter yesterday.

Did you have to answer this letter yesterday? I didn’t have to answer this letter yesterday.

1. I have to do this work. 2. I had to do this work the day before yesterday. 3.We have to go there without delay. 4. We had to go there without delay. 5. We have to hurry. It is late. 6. We had to hurry. It was late. 7. He has to take this exam beforehand. 8. He had to take this exam beforehand. 9. She has to write a composition to get her mark. 10. Last week she had to write a composition to get a good mark.

4.4.7. Дайте совет в письменной форме. Используйте словосочетание needn’t.

I want to leave. – You needn’t hurry. It is not too late.

Your friend wants to

1) translate the text. It is easy to understand. 2) answer all the questions. It is not necessary.3) use the dictionary while translating the text. The text is not very difficult. 4) bring you the textbook. It is not necessary.5) post the documents. It is not necessary. 6) go shopping. It is not necessary, you have bought everything. 7) take a taxi to go to the station.It is not necessary, there is a lot of time. 8) take an umbrella with him. It is not necessary. It is not raining outside.

4.4.8. Дайте совет в письменной форме. Используйте модальный глагол should.

Your friend is unwell. Advise her to go to the doctor.-

You should go to the doctor.

1. Your friend is late for the classes. Advise him to go to the classes in time. 2. Your friend has some problems at the college. Advise him to speak of the problem. 3. Your friend has made some mistakes in his control work.

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Advise him to revise the material.4. Your friend wants to go camping. Advise him to tell about his plans to his classmates. 5. Your friend is going to be late at home. Advise him to phone his mother to let her know about that.6. Your friend often misses lessons. Advise him to stop doing that.7. Your friend does not like attending gym. Advise him to do exercises at home. 8. Your friend is not preparing for the exams. Advise him to start doing that.9.Your friend sometimes tells lies. Advise him to tell the truth. 10. Your friend does not like reading books. Advise him to do that.

4.4.9. Письменно составьте предложения из данных слов.

4. Drive / he / not / fast

/ so / should. 5. Be / upset / not / you / should / everything / OK / is. 6. He/ h er /

should / remind / of / that / not. 7. She / not / decisions / make / should / such

.

8. Your / parents /you / cheat / should / not. 9. He / there / should / go / not /

should / be / not / late / for / classes. 12. You/ without / saying / should / leav e / goodbye / not.

4.4.10. Заполните данную таблицу, пользуясь словарем.

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Блок V

Грамматика: Participle I, Participle II.

Словообразование.

Тема: British and American Cuisine.

Раздел 5.1

5.1.1. Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю.

5.1.2. Прочитайте текст и определите, какие национальные черты характера несёт английская кухня.

ENGLISH CUISINE AND NATIONAL CHARACTER

The neighbours from the Continent never tire of making fun of English cuisine. The internationally popular French comics about Asterix the Gaul contain an episode in which he and his best friend Obelix, who is famous for eating a lot of food, go to England where the two heroes struggle to eat normally, but even Obelix cannot cope with English food which is tasteless and liberally coated with mint sauce. There is also the famous joke about the international contingents in heaven and hell: in hell the chef is an Englishman (the police are German, the lovers Swiss, the mechanics French and everything is organized by the Italians; there are, of course, any number of variants on this joke).

The primary distinguishing feature of English food is also its main problem: its purpose is to satisfy hunger and not to provide pleasure. The English do not make a cult of food, although many of them do take pleasure in their food.

The English themselves have an inferiority complex about their cuisine and on the whole are deprecating about it. If your English friends invite you to lunch they will straight away present you with a choice of going to a French, Italian, Indian or Chinese restaurant. In the provinces, the choice is much smaller, and may be limited to the local pub.

We should note that, as with many other questions, national consciouness is little by little being awakened in the English even through questions of food. Nowadays they are more and more forcefully reminding their countrymen that the country achieved much in this field. Not long ago, special research was published about English beef, in part in answer to the results of “mad cow disease” which made this type of meat unpopular even at home. The book was written by an historian, for the most part using historical material. The idea was simple: beef is the mainstay of the English nature and the strength of the English comes from the fact that they always ate good, natural food, such as roast beef, as opposed to the puny French who spoiled themselves with various sauces and dressings. The author was cunning in the way he linked many events in English history to the eating of beef.

The English even allow themselves to laugh at the holy grail of cooking, Italian cuisine. Not long ago, information appeared on the internet that British historians had found a fourteenth century manuscript which was England's (and possibly the world's) oldest existing list of national recipes. It described a traditional English dish named 'lasagn', which was made from so-called pasta with cheese sauce. This allowed English experts to confirm that the true homeland of lasagne is England. In reply to this

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scandalous claim, the official representatives of the Italian Embassy immediately announced that "regardless of the name of this ancient dish, it is not lasagne in the way we understand it." The question is so serious that we can only hope it does not lead to armed conflict. By the way, this is probably just one more of those curious facts, and in any case, you cannot believe everything you read on the Internet.

From the point of view of contemporary English culture, the story of one young English star, Jamie Oliver, is particularly interesting and significant. In terms of popularity in the country, he could easily rival pop stars and footballers. Jamie is a chef. His television show is watched by a huge audience of all ages, his books have an enormous print run, and in order to have a meal at his recently opened restaurant, you have to book months in advance. His photos are everywhere in English papers and magazines. He appears in adverts, just like other famous people, and is the hero of high society stories. English society followed the development of his relationship with his girlfriend with agitation, then they pored over his wedding photographs, the one-year anniversary of their daughter Poppy was an 'event' and now they are all waiting with anticipation for the next addition to the family.

The reasons for Jamie Oliver’s success, apart from good advertising, are that he was in the right place at the right time. First of all, he is frightfully “English”. He was born in 1975 and has been constantly on television screens for the last few years. Not handsome but sweet, he looks like a collective portrait of English youth. He grew up in the provinces (in Essex) and worked in his parents’ pub from childhood.

At first he used many techniques from Italian cuisine, in particular olive oil and vegetables, since the English have a great respect for Italian cooking. But gradually English items started to creep to the top of the list. Increasingly often he has made patriotic appeals to use traditional English products, to recall traditional English recipes, and to remember that the English have always been able to cook: nothing fancy, of course, but tasty.

Now he is in other programmes as well, for example, 'Oliver Twist'. Even the title itself contains a clever pun. On the one hand, Oliver Twist is the title of the well-known book by Charles Dickens, and on the other hand you could read it as Oliver's dodges. The idea was simple and close to the hearts of the English (and not just theirs). After a heavy night, a group of young, energetic people taken from different types of restaurant, pub and bar go home to Jamie Oliver's for breakfast. They laugh and joke lightly and in an unconstrained way while he prepares some explosive hangover cure involving tomato juice, pepper and whatever else he can find.

After this he starts to prepare breakfast, which is naturally English and traditional. In a lively way he cleans mushrooms, fries sausages and

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