деловой английский / 5. Местоимение. ex

PRONOUN

Упражнение 1. Укажите, в каком из данных предложений it является:

a) личным местоимением;

б) безличным местоимением;

в) указательным местоимением.

1 It is difficult to translate the text without a dictionary.

2. It is an important centre of light engineering and chemicals.

3. It is supposed that today’s new scientific terms can be understood even by non-experts.

4. The outstanding characteristics of concrete is that it can be manufactured easily.

5. I can be said to combine strength and plasticity.

6. It is a flat ceiling with greater fire –resistance qualities.

Упражнение 2. Укажите , в каком предложении it является:

а) формальным подлежащим;

б) формальным дополнением;

в) элементом эмфатической конструкции.

1. It was not until 1950 that prestressed concrete was used for structural purposes.

2. They found it impossible to increase tension.

3 They made it (concrete) increase its strength with age.

4. It was long thought that stone was the best structural material.

5. It is interesting to note that in January 1946 a group of scientists received a radar reflection from the moon.

6. It is this process of fission that made possible the nuclear reactor and the atomic bomb.

Упражнение 3. Укажите, какую функцию выполняет слово one:

а) заместитель существительного;

б) числительное «один»;

в) неопределенно-личное местоимение.

1. Brick is one of the best fire-resisting materials.

2. One has to work systematically when learning a foreign language.

3. One can see a number of foreign students at nearly every university in this country.

4. Metal is a good conductor of heat, while wood is a bad one.

5. The central section of New York – Manhattan-is the most important one.

6. Nowadays almost all people are fond of some sport, because they understand that one must take exercises to keep fit.

Упражнение 4. Укажите, в каких предложениях используется эмфатическая конструкция It is … that .

1.It is prefabrication that speeds up construction work.

2. It is usual practice to allow operators certain specified time over and above the normal hours worked to service the plant they operate.

3.It is in the kitcost widely used.

4. It is better to pump one continuous trench than from a number of isolated excavations.

5. Such structural elements are of vital importance; it is with these that the architect must project an integration of the whole in order to create a work of architecture.

6.It is clear that the resistance of the shielding material will be very low.

7. It must be also noted that this sequence is divided into four stages.

8.It is clear that there are some details of construction that one must take into consideration.

9. This method has several positive advantages, first it contributes to the clarity of the logic.

10. In any measurement process especially when it is complicated as flight testing of aircraft and missiles, it is desirable to maintain a check on the data flow at various points in the system.

Упражнение 5. Укажите, в каких предложениях местоимения that и those употребляются как заместители существительных.

1. The method of analysis used was the same as that for elastic column.

2 The Egyptian pyramids proved that stone is one of the most durable materials.

3. The dotted line is that obtained by assuming the arch to carry the superstructure as dead load only.

4. There are many classes of clays and those most suitable for brick-making are found in many parts of the country.

5 Magnets attract pieces of metal: even in ancient times many people observed that interesting phenomenon.

6. The materials used in making the tests shall be similar to those to be employed in the work.

7. The reinforcement in the bottom is that required to resist the bending moment.

Упражнение 6. Укажите существительные, которые заменены местоимениями that –those, this –those.

1. For the case in question strain relation is identical with the one for bending. That for a member subject to shear has quite different character.

2. The water content shall be as nearly as practicable equal to that to be used in the work.

3. Buckets of various capacities are used, and these are fitted with easily replaced teeth.

4. In this statically indeterminate structure there will be six unknown components of reaction. These cannot be solved by the laws of static.

5. With a welded repair to cast iron, the more rapid cooling of the surface will cause this to contract more rapidly than the interior.

6. Any irregularities in the surface always act to produce local increases of stress. This may be several times the stress calculated for the given conditions of loading. 7. The temperature of the water was different from that of the beaker.

8.The materials used in making the laboratory tests must be the similar to those to be employed in the structure.

Упражнение 7. Подчеркните нужное слово в каждом предложении

1. An old man who/which was carrying a suitcase, knocked at the door.

2. The girl who/whom lives here knows my sister.

3. The box that/whom Jean picked up had a hole in it.

4. The winner, whom/whose bike was an unusual design, won a medal.

5. The girl who/whom spoke to me turned out to be in my class.

6. The museum, which/whose was in a beautiful building, was closed.

7. A policewoman that/which we asked told us how to get there.

8. The boy whose/whom house I was staying at was an old friend.

9. The last person which/whose pen I borrowed didn't get it back.

10. The train which/who leaves at 8.00 stops at every station.

Упражнение 8. Заполните пропуски словами who or whom.

1. The waiter by whom we were served expected a large tip.

2. The teacher ____ taught us yesterday also teaches my brother.

3. The friend to ____ I lent my basketball managed to lose it.

4. The boy ____ opened the door looked familiar.

5. The man to ____ I spoke told me to wait outside the office.

6. The people with ____ I travelled were good company.

7. The assistant ____ sold me the computer made a mistake with the bill.

8. The player ____ had the ball was tripped by the goalkeeper.

9. The girl from ____ I received the card was someone I met on holiday.

10. A strange man ____ said he knew you phoned while you were out.

Упражнение 9. Заполните пропуски словами who, whose или that.

1. The friend whose house I stayed in is coming to stay with us.

2. The guidebook ____ we bought explained everything.

3. It's difficult to say ____ this portrait was painted by.

4. The couple ____ house I bought both worked in my office.

5. I'd like you to tell me ____ you were talking to.

6. The girl ____ ruler I had borrowed wanted it back.

7. The game ____ we played was difficult to understand.

8. I саn’t remember ____ I lent my bike to.

9. Do you know ____ Catherine works for?

10. The places ____ we visited were all very interesting.

Упражнение 10. Подчеркните относительное местоимение, которое можно опустить:

1. The book that John was reading was a bit frightening.

2. The travel agency which sold me the ticket was near my office.

3. The name of the girl who lived next door was Ellen.

4. In the end, our holiday was the best that we had ever had.

5. The dentist who I go to isn't very expensive.

6. The film which we saw last week was much better than this one.

7. The people who were leaving couldn't find their coats.

8. The garden, which wasn't very large, was full of flowers.

9. The car which David bought was not in good condition.

10. The girl who I sit next to in class is my best friend.

Упражнение 11. Перепишите предложения по образцу:

a) These are the boys with whom I went on holiday.

These are the boys I went on holiday with.

2. This is the letter for which I have been waiting.

____________________________________ for.

c) That is the shop from which Sue bought her bike.

____________________________________ from.

4. That is the bed-and-breakfast at which I stayed.

_______________________________________ at.

4. Tim is someone to whom I hardly ever write.

________________________________________ to.

4. Do you know by whom this book was written?

_________________________________________ by?

4. Ravenna was the most interesting town in which we stayed.

_____________________________________________ in.

h) UR was the best team against which we played.

________________________________________ against.

Упражнение 12. Вставьте нужное местоимение.

1. Friday was the last time I saw Jim. – Friday was the last time that I saw Jim

2. The island we visited was extremely beautiful.

3. The girl I met was a friend of Harry’s.

4. The meal we ate was not very tasty.

5. Mary was the first person I asked.

6. The book I read didn’t explain the problem.

7. The teacher we usually have was away ill.

Упражнение 13. Подчеркните нужное слово в каждом предложении

a) The train which/who goes to Brighton leaves from here.

2. That/What I like best is an afternoon at the beach.

3. I didn't know who/which to ask about my timetable.

4. The people which/whose luggage was lost had to wait a long time.

5. Where's the ruler whose/that I left on this desk?

6. The shop what/that I went to didn't have any milk.

7. Do you know whom/whose bag this is?

8. Everyone who/which was there will remember the day forever.

9. The second bus, which/whose was full, didn't stop either.

10. Jim was helped by someone who/whom told him the answer.