§1Unprocessed, §2substitute, §3empower, §4obtain, include; §7consist; amount

5. Find the definitions of these words and phrases in the text.

a) goods or services sold to a foreign country or countries

b) the business or system of transporting goods

c) the activity embracing all forms of the purchase and sale of goods and services

d) the act, system, or business of providing financial protection for property, life, health

e) the act of obtaining and paying for an item or service

f) goods or services that are bought from foreign countries

g) an article of commerce

5. Look for details in the text and choose the proper option.

1. Under modern conditions the business of distribution has become ……….. .

   1. as complex as production

   2. as complex as IT

   3. as complex as business

2. Any transaction is commercial in character if it involves ……….. .

   1. a buyer and a seller

   2. exchange of goods

   3. manufacturing

3. Wholesaling is ………….. .

   1. selling in bulk

   2. selling at a discount price

   3. buying in large quantities

4. The manufacturer employs ………… to sell its goods.

   1. an insurance agent

   2. a selling broker

   3. a logistics officer

5. Transfer of goods from one place to another would clearly be impossible……………… .

i. without a manager

ii. without special documents

iii. without some means of transport

6. Banks assist commerce by providing businessmen ………….. .

i. with convenient means of payment

ii. with all the necessary documents

iii. with different kinds of information

5. Which of the three is the key message of the text?

1. The four kinds of trade, retailing, wholesaling, exports and imports together with transport, banking, insurance and advertising form the main divisions of commerce.

2. There are four branches of commerce: retailing, wholesaling, exports and imports.

3. Exports and imports comprise different kinds of trade together with other ancillaries to commerce.

Vocabulary Focus

9. Fill in the table with the missing derivatives from the text.

Nouns	Verbs	Adjectives
	manufacture
commerce
	import
export
	expand
efficiency
consignee
	occupy
		distributive

9. Match the halves of the phrases.

1. to be concerned with	a) trade
2. to owe	b) the distribution
3. to be vital to	c) the movement
4. to be associated with	d) convenient means of payment
5. to provide businessmen with	e) a great deal
6. to deal with	f) character
7. to obtain their stock from	g) such goods
8. to be engaged in	h) wholesalers
9. to deal in	i) an importer
10. be consigned to	j) retailers
11. to be commercial in	k) the export trade

9. Paraphrase the following phrases in italics using the expressions from ex.X.

1. A bank makes available the sum of money to a client in excess of any deposit.

2. He interests himself with other people's affairs.

3. Books are essential for any study.

4. Paul was obliged for his success to chance.

5. Bertrand Russell was related to the peace movement.

A springboard for discussion

What branches of commerce are the most developed in our country?

Describe any transaction which follows all branches of commerce. Do it as John Smith did.