- •Contents
- •I. Selling
- •IV. Read the text again and answer the following questions.
- •§1 Quick, §2 path, §3 probable, §5 persuade, §7 discouraging.
- •If you fail to follow up an initial contact …………
- •If you are going to do the selling and it has not been your job previously it is vital ……….
- •If the goods are going to be late …………
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Commerce
- •§1Unprocessed, §2substitute, §3empower, §4obtain, include; §7consist; amount
- •6. Banks assist commerce by providing businessmen ………….. .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Consumer Goods
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Pricing And Sales
- •VI. Find the equivalents of these Russian words and phrases in the text.
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Pricing strategies:
- •How to Set a Price
- •II. Read and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§2 Computation, §3 cost, §5 purchaser, §7 maintain, §5 resources
- •5. Some people use the level of costs as a way of……… .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Modern-day Retailing
- •§1 Intend, §2 supply, §3 range, §5 realize, §6 equipment.
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Wholesale Trade
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§1 A person who buys in bulk, §1 luggage compartment, §2 multiple store, §3dispenser, §3 tradesman, §3 producer, §4 storehouse, §5 assortment of goods
- •2. Firms engaged in large-scale retail trade is large enough …………………. .
- •3. The wholesalers reduce the number of parcels ……………………… .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Credit Sales
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •1. In order to encourage retailers to………… a wholesaler may offer a cash discount.
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§1 Preparations, §2 mediators, §3 at the same time, §4 relations, §7 peculiarity,
- •§8 Decrease
- •Intermediaries (stockbrokers) who transact business …………… .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •The Role of the Market
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§2 Domestic; use §3 work §5 offer; temporary; senior managers §6 shortage
- •2. The low hamburger price was a good way to satisfy your appetite………. .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Marketing and Promotion
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Trade Restrictions
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§1 Newborn, §2 restricted, §3 obligatory, §4 precise, §5 free from
- •If an industry is just starting up (when it is called an infant industry) the government may help it because ………….. .
- •If tariffs only apply to certain goods of certain countries, …………. .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Sales Jobs
- •§1 Main, §3 profitable, §3 to increase, §3 to underline, §4 to debate
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •XI.Paraphrase the following phrases in italics using the expressions from ex. X.
- •References
§2 Domestic; use §3 work §5 offer; temporary; senior managers §6 shortage
Find the definitions of these words and phrases in the text.
a) expenditure on goods and services for final personal use
b) the social science concerned with the production and consumption of goods and services and the analysis of the commercial activities of a society
c) inadequate supply
d) payment in return for work or services, esp. that made to workmen on a daily, hourly, weekly, or piece-work basis
e) a system of dividing overhead expenses between the various departments of a business
Look for details in the text and choose the proper option.
A market is the process by which households' decisions about consumption of alternative goods, forms decisions about …………. .
how much and for whom to work
what and how to produce
for whom to produce
2. The low hamburger price was a good way to satisfy your appetite………. .
because of your desire to eat
because of your limited resources
because of your desire to eat, and your limited resources
You and the café owner were part of ………… .
the market for lunches
the market for studying
the market for launching a new product
Much of economics devoted to the study of how markets and prices enable society to solve the problems …………………….. .
of what, how and for whom to produce
of what products to produce
of manufactures, owners and consumers
Which of the three is the key message of the text?
How markets and prices enable society to solve the problems of what, how and for whom to produce.
How owners and consumers enable society to solve the problems of what, how and for whom to produce.
Prices of goods such as labor, machinery and land, adjust these goods and services to ensure society’s demands.
Vocabulary Focus
Fill in the table with the missing derivatives from the text.
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Nouns |
Verbs |
Adjectives |
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consume |
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luxurious |
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allocate |
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adjust |
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stock |
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Match the halves of the phrases.
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1. influence the allocation of 2. encourage society to 3. purchase more 4. guide resources into 5. devote no resources to 6. switch to 7. reconcile 8. go into 9. sell hamburgers |
a) reallocate resources b) luxury lunches c) scarce supplies d) scarce resources e) adjustment of prices f) hamburger production g) these details h) at a profit. i) hamburger production |
Paraphrase the following sentences in italics, use the expressions from ex. X.
It is still possible to vend hamburgers successfully.
If nobody liked hamburgers, the owner could not sell enough at a price that covered the cost of running the cafe and society would offer no capital to hamburger production.
Adjustments in prices would persuade people to move funds to reflect the increased scarcity of cattle.
They make arrangements through which prices control the distribution of limited assets.
A springboard for discussion
Give an example of any product and examine it from the viewpoints of a seller and a customer as it is given in the text about a hamburger.