§1 Newborn, §2 restricted, §3 obligatory, §4 precise, §5 free from

4. Find the definitions of these words and phrases in the text.

1. a tax levied by a government on imports or occasionally exports for purposes of protection

2. a certificate which gives permission to do something

3. a maximum number

4. a document which declares the value of the goods

5. a document issued by a seller to a buyer listing the goods or services supplied and stating the sum of money due

6. a document stating the name of the country that produced a specified shipment of goods: often required before importation of goods

4. Look for details in the text and choose the proper option.

1. If an industry is just starting up (when it is called an infant industry) the government may help it because ………….. .

1. it makes the country richer and provides employment

2. it makes the country better-off

3. it makes the country at an advantage

2. If tariffs only apply to certain goods of certain countries, …………. .

   1. they are short-term

   2. they are temporary

   3. they are selective

3. It can be important to show the origin of goods when the importing and exporting countries have special trade agreements, because ………….. .

   1. businessmen may pay less taxes

   2. traders may pay less duty

   3. traders may pay no duty

4. Under trade agreements certain goods from certain countries may be ………. .

   1. exempt from some of the taxes, or they may be allowed bigger quotas.

   2. free from some of the taxes

   3. imposed extra tariffs on

4. Which of the three is the key message of the text?

1. By imposing import restrictions the government сan help аn infant industry to develop. When the importing and exporting countries have special trade agreements, traders may pay less duty.

2. The government might also impоse taxes on imported goods. These taxes are called duty or tariffs.

3. Trade restrictions are enforced by the Customs and Excise department. Importers have to fill out customs declaration form which declares the value of the goods so that the customs men can calculate the tariffs (taxes) they must pay.

Vocabulary Focus

4. Fill in the table with the missing derivatives from the text.

Nouns	Verbs	Adjectives
		restrictive
enforcement
consulate
		original
	select
subsidiary

4. Match the halves of the phrases.

1. limit 2. impоse taxes on 3. apply for 4. apply to 5. fill out 6. declare 7. be allowed 8. the invoice

a) certain goods b) for the goods c) imported goods d) a limited time e) the importation of the goods f) the value of the goods g) bigger quotas i) customs declaration form

4. Paraphrase the following phrases in italics using the expressions from ex. X.

1. The government might also set duties on foreign wares.

2. If duties only relate for a restricted moment, they are temporary.

3. Traders may also be partial to a share of commodities.

4. Importers have to complete an application which declares goods.

5. If tariffs are relevant to a short time they are temporary.

A springboard for discussion

1. Imagine that you want to import some goods (e.g., IT, food, cars, etc.). What imposed restrictions will you encounter?

2. How does our government help our producers?