2.9. Времена группы perfect (active voice)

Present

(законченные

действия)

Past

(действия, которые

начались в прошлом и завершились до

определенного момента в прошлом)

Future

(действия, которые

завершатся к определенному моменту в

будущем)

already, just, ever, never, yet, today, lately, this week/year, for, since

by 6 o’clock yesterday, by that time, by the end of last year, before he came

by 6 o’clock tomorrow, by this time tomorrow, by the end of next year, before he comes

Утвердительная форма

I/we/you/they have translated a text on space research already. He/she has translated a text on space research already.

Я перевел ... уже

I/he/she/ we/you/they had translated a text on space research before the lesson began.

Я перевел ... до того, как начался урок.

He/she/you/they/ I/we will have translated a text on space research by 6 o’clock tomorrow.

Я переведу ... к 6 часам

Вопросительная форма

Have I/we/you/they translated a text on space research already? Has he/she translated a text on space research already?

Had I/he/she/ we/you/they translated a text on space research before the lesson began?

Will I/we/ he/she/you/they have translated a text on space research by 6 o’clock tomorrow?

Отрицательная форма

I/we/you/they have not translated a text on space research yet. He/she has not translated a text on space research yet.

I/he/she/we/you/they had not translated a text on before the lesson be­gan.

He/she/you/they/ I/we will not have trans­lated a text on space research by 6 o’clock tomorrow.

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

Present

has risen

Russia has now risen to first place in the world in mineral fertilizer production.

Производство минеральных удобрений в России так

выросло, что страна вышла на первое место в мире.

have been rising

For several years now the wages have been rising con­tinually in our country.

В течение последних лет за­работная плата в нашей стране неуклонно растет.

Past

had risen

It was officially stated that the living standards of Belarusian people had risen as a result of „the fulfillment of the five-year-plan targets.

Как официально сообщалось, жизненный уровень белорусского народа возрос в ре­зультате выполнения зада­ний пятилетнего плана.

had been rising

Since the beginning of the GPW the guerilla movement had been rising on the occupied territories numbering hun­dreds of thousands by Decem­ber, 1942.

С самого начала Великой Оте­чественной войны росло пар­тизанское движение на ок­купированной территории, к декабрю 1942 года в нем участвовали сотни тысяч человек.