22. Составьте все возможные словосочетания из слов в правой и левой колонке и переведите их на русский язык.

price --- quantity, to reduce, to rise, to impose, input, to raise, equilibrium, to fall, private, reduction, substitute

to influence --- surplus, a seller, technology, input price, a good, a buyer, to raise, supply

improvement --- decrease, surplus, quantity, to sell, technology, a good

to decrease --- shortage, technology, input price, seller, quantity, sur­plus, reduction

23. Сравните следующие статистические данные по выпуску отдельных видов про­дукции в России в 90-х годах XX века, используя образцы. Составьте как можно больше предложений по каждому образцу.

ОБРАЗЕЦ 1: Car production in 1995 was lower than in 1997.

ОБРАЗЕЦ 2: Sugar beet (сахарная свекла) production in 1998 was not so high as in 1997.

Economic Indicators in Russia

	1999	1998	1997	1996	1995
Car production ('000) '	-	836	985	-	835
Oil / gas condensed (mln/t)2	305.0	303.3	306.0	301.5	305
Natural gas (bcm)3	586.0	564.0	544.0	575.7	-
Grain (mln/t)	54.66	47.8	88.5	69.3	63.5
Sugar beet (mln/t)	15.2	10.8	13.8	16.2	-

Note: 1. '000 - thousand; 2. mln/t - million tons; 3. bcm - billion cubic metres

24. Вставьте в предложения следующие слова в соответствующей форме:

to impose, the same, surplus, to buy, consumer, to rise, to increase, equilibrium price, as well as, to fall, shortage (2), inputs, normal

1. … are the factors of production (land, labour, capital, materials) that are put into a business to produce goods and services.

2. When all goods are…, lower consumer income reduces the demanded quantity for all goods.

3. When the Beatles and Rolling Stones first became popular, the demand for haircuts (стрижка) suddenly…

4. When income…, the demand for most goods increases. Typically, consumers… more of everything.

5. At any time, the market price may not be the… leading to excess supply (…) or excess demand (…).

6. If there is a national food…, a government may… a ceiling price on food so that poor people can buy enough food.

7. Workers in poor countries having no resources for health and education are often less productive than workers using… technology in rich countries. And without higher productivity it is hard…investment in people… in machinery.

8. Japanese … pay as much as eight world prices for beef.

25. Прочитайте текст, не пользуясь словарем. Ответьте на вопрос, следующий за текстом. The Pope and the Price of Fish

It is interesting for a student of economics to learn how demand and sup­ply analysis works m practice

Until 1966 Roman Catholics were not allowed to eat meat on Fridays and ate fish instead In 1966 the Pope (Папа Римский) said that Catholics could eat meat on Friday What do you think happened to the average weekly price and average weekly quantity of consumed fish?

The demand for fish fell as some Catholics who had to eat fish before started eating meat on Friday when they were allowed to do so.

This is a simple example of the effect of a change in tastes (вкусы) on the demand. Economists said that lower demand would lead to lower equilibrium price and the quantity of demanded fish.

Studying reports on fish prices and quantities of sold fish in the United States before and after 1966 we can see that this is what happened.

Do you think tastes are as important for demand as prices of other goods in the markets? Supply examples.