1. Explain the use of Present Perfect in the following sentences and translate:

1. Our delegation has visited all the new metro-stations in New York. 2. The working conditions in all branches of industry have been radically changed for the better. 3. Our shop has already fulfilled its production program. 4. A great number of powerful X-ray units have been designed since the discovery of X-ray. 5. This machine has been designed by one of our engineers. 6. When I came home, my mother has already cooked the dinner. 7. I have not looked through the papers yet. 8. She has known this man for many years. 9. The Grigoryevs have lived in New York City for five years. 10. I have learned many new English words in this course.

2. Complete the sentences with the verb from the list. Use the Present Perfect (have/has + the past participle of the verb).

break, buy, finish, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, and take.

1. “Are they still having dinner?” “No, they have finished.” 2. I … some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3. “Is Tom here?” No, he … to work.” 4. “… you… the shopping?” “No, I’m going to do it later.” 5. “Where is your key?” “I don’t know. I… it.” 6. Look somebody… that window. 7. Your house looks different. …you… it? 8. I can’t find my umbrella. Somebody… it. 9. “Do you want the newspaper?” “No, thanks. I… it.” 10. I’m looking for Sarah. Where… she… ?

3. Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. Write sentences about the things she has done. Use the Present Perfect.

1. ( She / do / many different jobs ). She has done many different jobs.

2. ( She / travel / to many places). She……………………………….

3. (She / do / a lot of interesting things). …………………………….

4. ( She / write / ten books). …………………………………………

5. (She / meet / a lot of interesting people). ……………………….

6. (She / be / married five times). ………………………………….

4. Write the verb in brackets in the present perfect form:

1. I (buy) a new car and now I drive to work. 2. He (move) house and now lives in London.3. She (finish) her book and is now watching TV. 4. We (drink) the whole bottle. It’s empty. 5. (found) my bag. It’s here. 6. She (write) me a letter and I’m reading it now. 7. My mother (cook) the dinner and is now ironing father’s shirt. 8. He (watch) a film and is now speaking with me. 9. Their relatives (join) us and now we are having supper together. 10. John (visit) a new exhibition and is now sharing with her impressions.

5. Ask again:

1.They have phoned me. Have they phoned me? 2.We have already built two bridges over the river. 3.He has already read the text. 4.The tourists have been to South America. 5.My parents have seen this play. 6.My grandmother has brought a lot of food. 7.We have traveled a lot. 8.Joan has visited the new exhibition. 9.You have seen many interesting places in London. 10.Liz has already got up and has had a shower.

6. Choose the correct verb form.

1. The boy not knocks/ knocked the door. 2. They already joins/ joined us. 3. The children went/gone this week. 4. Mary recently cleaned/ cleans the carpet. 5. Fred meet/ met his friend already. 6. All the boys and girls laughs/ laugh at the clowns. 7. My Granny not cleans/cleaned the teeth yet. 8. My mother just cooking/ cooled the wonderful supper. 9. They never saw/ seen her. 10. Mick visited/ visit me lately.

7. Translate these sentences into your native language.

1. I’ve found your book. Here you are. 2. You may take the magazine. I’ve gone through it. 3. Has your son ever seen the sea? 4. I’ve just seen Mr. White. He is at his office. 5. Have you finished the letter yet? 6. We’ve sold a lot of products this year. 7. They haven’t discussed the prices yet. 8. We’ve made the contract with a German firm lately. 9. I haven’t been to the Crimea since 2004. 10. He hasn’t skied since last year.

8. Put the following sentences into negative and interrogative form.

1. We have done business with this firm. 2. She has been to the theatre this week. 3. They have come back today. 4. She has phoned you this morning. 5. They have had a good time. 6. The film has been on since last week. 7. I have known him for ten years. 8. They have lived in Almaty for a long time. 9. We have received two letters from him since he went to London.

9. Put the adverbs into proper place in the sentences.

1. He’s been to London. (never) 2. Have you bought this book? (yet) 3. They’ve gone for a walk. (just) 4. She has done well. (lately) 5. Have you swum in the sea? (ever) 6. The children have not got up. (yet) 7. Has it got light? (yet) 8. Who’s telephoned you? (just)

10. Complete these phrases with for or since

_____ 1994

_____ two o’clock

_____ ten years

_____ three minutes

_____ a long time

_____ my birthday

_____ then

_____ two days

_____ hours

_____ Wednesday

_____ last week

Read and translate the letter

The editor

Brindley Balletin

Brindley College

Exminster

PH8 9QW

Dear Sir or Madam

I have just read the ‘Where are they now?’ page of this year’s college magazine. I am writing with some news, as you ask.

The last three years have been very interesting for me. When I left college I started work with ICI, but I only stayed there for year. I had several temporary jobs and then I got a job with a record company in London. I have been here for a year now and am really enjoying it. I have now bought a flat in Chelsea which is not very big, but has a magnificent view. I have been in the flat since September.

Cristina Santorini has gone back to Mexico. She was working in Birmingham for a couple of years and I met her at a party. We went out together for a while, but now she has gone back home. She has a good job out there, but I cannot remember what it is.

I hope you can use some of this information in the next magazine. I enclose a recent photograph. Thank you for your attention.

Yours faithfully

John Marsh.

Past Perfect Tense

had + V ed 3rd form

Positive	Negative	Interrogative
I (you, she he, it we, they) had done	I (you, she he, it we, they) had not done	Had I (you, she he, it we, they) done?

1. Look at these sentences and explain the difference between them:

1. He left the boat when he heard a loud noise.

2. He had left the boat when he heard a loud noise.

2. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.):

1. “Was Tom at the party when you arrived?” “No, he had gone (go) home.” 2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I … (go) straight to bed. 3. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody … (go) to bed. 4. Sorry I’m late. The car … (break) down on my way here. 5. We were driving along the road when we … (see) a car which. 6. … (break) down, so we … (stop) to see if we could help. 7. I met a friend of mine with whom I … (to get acquainted) in summer. 8. Birds … (to fly) to the South by the end of August. 9. They … (to finish) their last lesson at one o’clock. 10. Some people on the ship … (to notice) a group of boys on a hill.

3. Finish the sentences:

1. I watched a new film after… 2. I went for a walk after … . 3. He washed the dishes after… . 4. She began to read a book after… . 5. … before he went to bed. 6. … before they had dinner. 7. ………..before she did her homework. 8. … before he played chess. 9. … before they watched TV. 10. … before I cleaned the room.

4. Choose the correct tense.

1. The people at the border decided/had decided to live their homes. 2. He felt nervous but the guards let/had let him through. 3. He entered the West and he drove/had driven across Southern Europe. 4. At Calais the car broke down and it cost/had cost a lot of money to mend it. 5. He spent/had spent most of his money by the time he got to England. 6. He heard a loud noise. He saw that the exhaust pipe fell/had fallen off.

5. Answer these questions using the past perfect. Start your answer with the word in bracket.

1. When did he set off for Liverpool? (After…) 2. Why did he decide to go to Britain? (Because…) 3. When did he have to queue all day at the border? (After…) 4. Why did he have to queue? (Because…) 5. When did he have a crash? (After…) 6.Why did the car make more noise? (Because…) 7.Why did he stop the car? (Because…) 8. When did the police see him? (After…)

6. Put the questions to these sentences:

1. I thought he had written to you. 2. He did not think that the boy had grown so much. 3. She knew I had spoken to her father. 4. She did not know that the text had been changed. 5. I could not remember what had been said about that accident. 6. At six in the evening nothing had been done yet. 7. By three I had learned all the words. 8. He saw that his friends had gone. 9. As soon as they had had dinner, they went for a walk. 10.My friend had already read the book, when I rang him up.

7. Give short answers to the following questions:

1. Had you washed up before the children came back from their walk? 2. Had the children returned from the skating – rink before it grew dark? 3. Had the rain stopped before they before they came back from the school? 4. Had you written to your parents before you left for England/ 5. You had seen your brother before you went to the Institute, hadn’t you? 6. She had gone to bed before you switched off TV, hadn’t she? 7. You hadn’t looked through your composition before you handed it in, had you? 8. She hadn’t read the whole of the book before she returned it to the library, had she? 9. I had come before their lessons were over and you? 10. I hadn’t cooked dinner before the family assembled and you?

9. Transform the following before – clauses into after – clauses and vice versa, changing the tense of the verbs accordingly:

1.The rain began after we had come from the Institute. 2. She had fallen asleep before her family returned from the pictures. 3. She had cooked the cake before the guests came. 4. Father rang up after I had finished my lessons. 5. I came home after it had grown dark. 6. They had gone to skating – rink before the snow stopped. 7. The storm had stopped before they left the village. 8. I visited them after they had got their new flat. 9. He went to bed after he had done everything.10. She had washed up before the children came from the cinema.

10. Translate these sentences into your native language.

1. We had discussed all the questions when you telephoned us. 2. The director of our office hadn’t yet gone through all the cables and telexes when the secretary brought him some letters from foreign firms. 3. Mr. Smith had left London before I came there. 4. After they had had dinner they went for a walk. 5. The firm had shipped the goods by the 20^th of December. 6. I was in Astana last year. I had never been there before. 7. Yesterday I met Mr. White. I hadn’t seen him since we left University.

Read the text.

The forgotten years.

It was 1973 and Sarah Simms was a happy 19-year-old. She had a nice job in a film laboratory, and in the evenings she went out with her boyfriend. She loved dancing, especially to her favourite pop group, T.Rex.

Then she woke up in a hospital bed. A man was talking to her. He said that he was her husband, but she didn’t recognize him. In fact, she didn’t like him very much. She thought he looked very old. Some other visitors were standing around her bed, too. She didn’t recognize any of them expect her sister, Sally, and even she looked twenty years older.

But that’s because Sally was twenty years older, and so was Sarah.

Two days earlier Sarah had been in a car crash. The accident had erased twenty years of her memory. It was now 1993, but for Sarah it was 1973 and she was still a teenager. She’d forgotten the twenty years in between.

In those twenty years Sarah had got married. (1973 she hadn’t met her husband.) And she’d had two children- Alexander, 11, and Linda, 9. The world had also changed dramatically. What, for example, was a word processor, a microwave or a compact disc? Those things had not been invented in 1973. Had Britain really had a woman prime minister? And where had all her favourite pop stars gone?

Doctors say that Sarah’s amnesia is rare, but they hope that her memory will slowly return. Her husband Michael hopes, too. ‘Life has been difficult since the accident,’ he says. ‘Things have changed a lot. It’s hard when a wife and mother thinks she’s still teenager’

Make up questions and try to retell the text.

Future Perfect Tense

	will have + V ed 3rd form
Positive	Negative	Interrogative
I (you, she he, it we, they) will have done	I (you, she he, it we, they) will have not done	Will have I (you, she he, it we, they) done?

1. Translate these sentences into Russian:

1. I will have read the book by the time you came. 2 He will have done this work the end of the month. 3. I’ll have a talk with you after I have written this letter. 4. I’ll have finished this work by 5 o’clock. 5. She will have translated the article by the time the director returns. 6. They will not have made up their mind when they came back. 7. Mother will have cooked dinner by 2 o’clock. 8. By the end of August birds will have flown to the South. 9. When father comes from his work I will have fallen asleep. 10. What will Mary have done by 11 o’clock.

2. Finish the following sentences:

1. They will have painted the walls by … 2. My mother will have washed the linen by … 3. Jimmy will have taken his exams by … 4. When I come to see my uncle he will have … 5. When I ring them up they … 6. They will have packed their things when you … 7. The Whites will have discussed the article when Mr. Mason … 8. Miss Jackson will have done the shopping when her daughter …

3. Say what you will have done:

By 10 o’clock in the morning; By the end of the week; By the first July; By the time your mother returns; By the time your friend phones; By Monday; By next summer; By his departure; By tomorrow evening.

4. Make up the sentences and translate them:

Jill finished the work when I see her (him)

Mr. Mane cooked dinner when they come

The children taken the exam when he returns

You done the work by 10 in the morning

My friends will have talked to Mr. Brown by the evening

The man planted some trees by late October

Her mother done the shopping by next winter

His uncle read the novel by 5 o’clock

5. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form:

1. By half past 7 we (have) supper. 2. The baker’s shop (close) by suppertime. 3. By the end of the year I (read) two books of Essential English. 4. I (finish) this work before you go away. 5. By the time next week you (take) your examination. 6. We (leave) Mr. Priestley’s house before it gets dark. 7. The dance (start) before we get there. 8. I hope it (stop) raining before we have to go. 9. He (finish) the building of the house before summer. 10. The birds (fly) away before the winter comes.

6. Put the verb into the correct form will be (do) ing or will have (done):

1. Don’t phone me between 7 and 8. We will be having (we/have) dinner then. 2. Phone me after 8 o’clock … (we/finish) dinner by then. 3. Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to play tennis from 3 until 4.30. So at 4 o’clock, …(we/play) tennis. 4. Tom is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like this, … (he/spend) all his money before the end of his holiday. 5. Chuck came to Britain from the USA nearly three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three years. So on Monday, … (he/be) in Britain. 6. Do you think … (you/still/do) the same job in 10 years’ time? 7. Jane is from New Zealand. She is traveling around Europe at the moment. So far she has travelled about 1,000 miles. By the end of the trip, … (she/travel) more than 3,000 miles. 8. If you need to contact me, … (I/stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday.

9. A: Can we meet tomorrow afternoon?

B: Not in the afternoon. … (I/work).

10.A: … (you/see) Laura tomorrow?

B: Yes, probably. Why?

A: I borrowed this book from her. Can you give it back to her?

7. Read about Colin. Then you have to tick (+) the sentences, which are true. In each group of sentences at least one true:

Colin goes to work every day. He leaves home at 8 o’clock and arrives at work at about 8.45. He starts work immediately and continues until 12.30 when he has lunch (which takes about half an hour). He stars work again at 1.15 and goes home at exactly 4.30. Every day he follows the same routine and tomorrow will be exception.

At 7.45 At 12.45

a) he’ll be leaving the house a) he’ll have lunch

b) he’ll have left the house b) he’ll be having lunch

c) he’ll be at home c) he’ll have finished

d) he’ll be having breakfast d) he’ll have started his lunch

At 8.15 At 4 o’clock

a) he’ll be leaving the house a) he’ll have finished work

b) he’ll have left the house b) he’ll finish work

c) he’ll have arrived at work c) he’ll be working

d) he’ll be arriving at work d) he’ll won’t have finished work

At 9.15 At 4.45

a) he’ll be working a) he’ll leave work

b) he’ll start work b) he’ll be leaving work

c) he’ll have started work c) he’ll have left work

d) he’ll be arriving at work d) he’ll have arrived home.

Types of questions.

NB!

There are four main types of questions in English:

• general

• special

• alternative