- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Lesson 1
- •Дієслово to be в Indefinite Active
- •Notes to the Text
- •British Universities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Lutsk National Technical University
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 2
- •Ступені порівняння прикметників
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Sсience and Technological Progress in Modern Society
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 2b Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I am a Student
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 3
- •Відмінювання стандартного дієслова to work у Past Indefinite
- •Відмінювання нестандартного дієслова to write у Past Indefinite
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Is there an End of the Computer Race?
- •Notes to the Text
- •From the history of computer.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •English Language
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 4
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Indefinite Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Internet
- •Notes to the Text
- •Programming Languages
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Music, Television, and Video Games as a Way of Spending Leisure Time
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 5
- •Відмінювання дієслова to work у Present Continuous Active
- •Відмінювання дієслова to work у Future Continuous Active
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Environmental Protection in Ukraine
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 6 Grammar. Часи групи Continuous Passive
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Continuous Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the text
- •Yuri Kondratyuk and the Moon
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Science in Ukraine
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 7
- •Відмінювання дієслова to write у часах групи Perfect Active
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Electricity
- •Notes to the Text.
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The youth of America.
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 8
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Perfect Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Changes in Matter
- •The Science of Ice
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Engineering Profession
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 9
- •Узгодження часів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Television
- •Notes to the Text
- •Telegraph
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Mass media засоби масової інформації
- •Mass Media
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 10.
- •Форми модальних дієслів
- •Еквіваленти модальних дієслів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Made in Space
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Ukraine’s Economy
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 11
- •Форми дієприкметника теперішнього часу
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Transport for Tomorrow.
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 11b How It Works.
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 12
- •Утворення форми дієприкметника минулого часу
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Time Travel and New Universes
- •Notes to the Text
- •The Role of Gravity
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Lesson 13
- •Форми інфінітиву
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 13b Optical Technology
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Developing the Telecommunications
- •Notes to the Text
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 14
- •Форми герундія
- •Vocabulary notes
- •A New Era for Aircraft
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Economy of the usa
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 15.
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the Text
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Industry of Great Britain
- •Key dates in science
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Descending to New Ocean Depths
- •Notes to the Text
- •Types of Submersible
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Money in the Modern World
- •Key dates in science
- •Префіксів та суфіксів
- •Lesson 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- •43018 Луцьк, вул. Львівська, 75
The Economy of the usa
The U.S.A is a highly developed industrial country. Its economy is based on free enterprise system. The nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) is about $6 trillion.
The U.S. has highly developed transport system: 6,200,000 km of streets and roads, 240,000 km of railroad lines. Airlines have 18 % of all passenger traffic and 1 % of the freight. 15 % of the freight traffic travels on waterway. The U.S. has 75 automobiles for every 100 people.
U.S. export includes aircraft, computers, plastic materials, metals and paper, corn and wheat. The leading imports are automobiles, clothing, shoes, toys, petroleum, iron, steel, paper, and medicines. Canada and Japan are the country’s chief trading partners. In 1993, Mexico, Canada and the U. S. signed the North American Free Trade Agreement.
The U.S. economy has faced problems from time to time. The problems include recession, depression and inflation.
The American economy had to be built from the ground up. What was achieved is amazing. By 1900, the U.S. has become the greatest industrial nation, and its citizens enjoyed the highest standard of living in the world. By the post-war era, the U.S. was producing 50 % of the “gross world product”.
Today, the American economy no longer dominates the world as it did then. But with 5 % of the world’s population and 6 % of its land area, the US still produces 25 % of the world’s industrial products, agricultural goods, and services. America has not dropped behind other nations: its gross national product (GNP) has tripled since the end of the WWII.
America remains the world leader in a great many. Among these are biochemical and genetic engineering, aerospace research, computer and information services. America’s private industries are doing quite well. American firms which sell passenger aircraft or computers retain the largest share of the world market. The best selling car in the world is a Ford (the Escort).
Foreign investments in the US amounted to $164 billion.
The US is also the world’s leading agricultural nation. It grows 20 % of all the world’s wheat, oats and sorghum. America not only feeds her own people but a great many other people in the world as well. The US is a world leader in agricultural production. About a third of the world’s food exports come from US farms. Beef cattle ranks as the most valuable product. There are 2,100,000 farms in the US.
Many reasons have been offered to explain why the US has been able to go from a small economy to the leading industrial nation. One reason is the size and the natural resources. The spirit of enterprise and initiative has certainly played an important role. The America system of government, too, has encouraged citizens to pursue their own economic interest. Typically American constant willingness to experiment and social and geographical mobility have also played a part. Many Americans prefer to be their own bosses. 10 million Americans own their own business, and 42 million own a part of business through stock.
Exercise 12. Answer the following questions on the text.
What is American economy based on? 2. What is its gross domestic product now? 3. What can you tell about the US transport system? 4. What does US export? 5. What problems has the US economy faced from time to time? 6. What success had the US achieved by 1900? 7. What branches does America remain the world leader in? 8. Is the USA a world leader in agricultural production as well? 9. What are the main reasons explaining why the US has been abe to go from a small economy to the leading industrial nation?
Exercise 13. Translate the following word-combinations.
national economy, free enterprise system, transport system, railroad lines, passenger traffic and freight, corn and wheat, chief trading partners, recession and inflation, from the ground up, the efforts of private business, the highest standard of living, to dominate the world, to retain the largest share, world’s leading producer, goods and services, gross world product, natural resources , most valuable product, spirit of enterprise, willingness to experiment, through stock
Task VI. Reproduce the topic in your own words.