- •3. The pg phonology. The consonants.
- •4.Grimm’s Law. (1822 was first published in “Deutch Grammar”)
- •5. Voicing of fricatives in pg (Vern’s l.) 1877
- •6. The West Germanic lengthening of consonants.
- •7.The second consonant-shifting.
- •8. The ablaut in the Indo –European l-ges & Germanic l-ges.
- •9.The vowels.
- •11. Inflectional system of pg.
- •12. Categories of verb in Old Germ.L.
- •13. Strong verbs n Gothic.
- •14. Weak verbs in Old Germ.L.
- •Fourth Weak Conjugation
- •15. Preterite-present verbs
- •16. Infinitive, Participle
- •17. Nominals, their categories.
- •18. Categories of noun.
- •20. Strong declension of noun.
- •21. Weak declension of nouns.
- •22. Adjectives: strong and weak declension.
- •23. Pronoun, morphological categories.
- •Demonstrative
- •24. The vocabulary of pg
- •25. The ie legacy, isogloss.
- •26. Common Germ. Stock.
- •27. Borrowings, substratum, superstatum.
- •28. Simple and composite sentences.
- •29. Comparative method.
- •30. The Indo-Europeans.
- •Proto-indo-european
- •Western branch
- •Eastern branch
- •31. Tree of ie lang. Proto-indo-european
- •Western branch
- •Eastern branch
- •32. The home of Indo-Europeans.
- •33. Kentum and Satem lang-es.
- •34. Pg: concept, division.
- •35. Old North Germ. Lang-es.
- •36. Old West Germ. Lang-es.
- •37. The West Germ. Tree-diagram of lang-es.
- •38. The East-Germ. Tree of lang-es.
- •39. North Germ. Lang-es.
- •40. Old Germ. Alphabet, written records.
- •41. The Runic alphabet, its origin.
- •42. Oe, its literary monuments.
- •43. Old Icelandic, literary monuments. Old Icelandic is usually called Old Norse. Old Norse
- •44. Old Saxon, its written records.
- •45. Pliny’s classification of the Germanic tribes.
- •46. Main sources of information about the Germ. Tribes. The Germ. Tribes in the ad 1.
- •47. The age of migrations: the Visigoths.
- •48. The Ostrogoths.
- •49. Division of Frankish Empire and its linguistic consequences
- •51. Gods, days of week, months.
- •52. The Epoque of Vikings
- •53. Old Frisian ethnic community.
- •54. Oe Heptarchy. Wessex.
- •55. Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians.
- •56. Paganism vs Christianity in og ethnic communities.
- •58. Material, spiritual culture.
58. Material, spiritual culture.
Weapon. The main weapon of early Germans was spear with thin short tip, iron sword and bow with arrows. For protection they used shield made of leather or wood. The biggest shame for a warrior was to leave his shield on the battle field. The helmet was decorated with fangs of wild boar.
Household goods. The clothes ware kept in separate room. The food (pieces of meat) was taken out from boiler with the help of a big fork made of wood. They used earthenware or made plates and dishes of wood.
Clothes. Germans wore animal and sheep skin. Later, they started to make clothes of wool and flax. Men wore flax shirts and trousers, coarse mantles and jackets with long sleeves. Women wore long shirts, dresses and mantles. Shoes were made of thick piece of leather which was fastened to the feet with to thongs.
Dwelling. Houses of Germans consisted of 1 or 2 parts: one for people and the other for domestic animals. The roof was covered with rush and straw. Inside the house there was a open fire. Germans dug pits for keeping food supplies in winter, sometimes they lived there themselves.
Funeral ceremony. The deads were not buried, they were burnt. Their weapon and horses were buried also.