SUBORDINATION
is associated closely with the distinction
between coordinate and subordinate clauses.
The dependent clause is called a subordinate clause
The independent clause is called the main clause (= matrix clause).
Subordinate clauses are usually introduced by subordinators
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SUBORDINATORS
Join two clauses together, making one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.
After, although, as, as far as, as soon as, as if, as though, because, before, even if, even though, how, if, inasmuch as, in case (that), in order (that), insofar as, in that, lest, no matter how, now that, once, provided (that), since, so that, supposing (that), than, that, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, while, why
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POSITION OF MAIN AND DEPENDENT CLAUSES
The dependent clause(s) can be placed
PREPOSITIONALLY: DC MC
DC [If Helen doesn’t come], MC [Ann will be sorry]
MEDIALLY (INTERPOSITION): MC DC MC
MC [I saw the ship DC [that sailed the sea], MC [it left me] as [the sun went down]].
POSTPOSITIONALLY: MC DC
MC [I will be surprised] DC [if she manages to sell that car].
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TYPES OF CLAUSES
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
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NOUN CLAUSES (‘WHO?’ / ‘WHAT?’)
(1)Subject
(2)Object of a verb, verbal, or the equivalent of a verb
(3)Complement
(4)Apposition
(5)Object of a preposition
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THE SUBJECT CLAUSE
performs within a complex sentence the same function that the subject performs within a simple sentence.
Why he did that is a mystery.
It is a mystery
What she's doing is very interesting.
That is very interesting.
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TREE DIAGRAM OF THE SUBJECT CLAUSE
|
|
S |
|
|
|
|
NP |
|
VP |
V |
|
S |
|
A |
|
|
|
|
|
Whether |
you |
understand this |
really |
matters |
|
|
|
|
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THE NOUN (OBJECT) CLAUSE
Performs within a complex sentence the same function that the object performs within a simple sentence
|
who she is. |
I don't know |
where she lives. |
the USA. |
when she moved to |
|
S V O
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TREE DIAGRAM OF THE NOUN (OBJECT) CLAUSE
S
NP |
VP |
Pron |
Neg Aux V |
NP2 |
S
I don't know who she is.
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NOUN CLAUSE
Object of a preposition
At length he reached to where the ravine had opened through the cliffs.
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