теор.грамматика / Лекция 5

Лекція 5 Syntax of complex and compound sentences. Pragmatics

LECTURE 5

LECTURE 5

Points at issue

1. Structural types of sentences

2. Kinds of conjunctions: coordinative, correlative, conjunctive adverbs, subordinating conjunctions

3. Compound sentences

4. Complex sentences. Types of clauses (Noun, Adjective, Adverb)

5.  Pragmatics as an approach of language study

Structural types of sentences

Ò  Simple: SV, SVO, SVOO, SVC, SVA, SVOA

Ò  Compound: S+S, S but S, S or S, S and S

Ò  Complex: S + s, conj s + S, S + conj s

Ò  Complex-compound

Sentence Connection

SYNDETICALLY :  S[S[NP] [VP]] CONJ [S[NP][VP]]]

ASYNDETICALLY:  S [S[NP][VP]] + [S[NP][VP]]]

KINDS OF CONJUNCTIONS

COORDINATING  join independent words, phrases, sentences

SUBORDINATING join dependent clauses to the main clauses

Coordinators for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another:

 words to words:  boys and girls

 phrases to phrases:  well done but clumsily presented 

clauses to clauses:  Do you agree, or do you disagree?

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS either. . .or    both. . . and   neither. . . nor    not only. . .  but also

These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one.

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS Join independent clauses together.

Ò  after all,  also, as a result, besides, consequently, finally, for example, furthermore, hence, however, in addition, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words, instead,  likewise, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, next, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, still, then,therefore, thus